LoftQ: LoRA-Fine-Tuning-Aware Quantization

LoftQ helps you fine-tune LLMs with limited GPUs. 🚀 LoftQ finds good enough quantized LoRA initialization: quantized backbone Q and LoRA adapters A and B, given a pre-trained weight W.

This repo implements the paper 🔗: LoftQ: LoRA-Fine-Tuning-Aware Quantization for Large Language Models.

Our models are available on Huggingface Hub 🤗 LoftQ

Quick Start

Requirements

We use bitsandbytes to implement the quantization. This package only support CUDA >= 11.0 and does not support CPU. However, we also provide fake quantization for fast and parallel training if GPUs are adequate.

pip install -r requirements.txt

Steps

1. Apply LoftQ to a full-precision pre-trained weight and save.
2. Load LoftQ initialization and train.

For step 1, we have provided off-the-shelf LoftQ initializations (see supported model list) in Huggingface Hub LoftQ. If you want to do it yourself, jump to LoftQ DIY.

For step 2, below is an example of loading 4bit Mistral-7B with 64rank LoRA adapters from Huggingface Hub. ```python import torch from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, BitsAndBytesConfig from peft import PeftModel

fetch the MODEL_ID at https://huggingface.co/LoftQ

MODEL_ID = "LoftQ/Mistral-7B-v0.1-4bit-64rank"

basemodel = AutoModelForCausalLM.frompretrained( MODELID, torchdtype=torch.bfloat16, # you may change it with different models quantizationconfig=BitsAndBytesConfig( loadin4bit=True, bnb4bitcomputedtype=torch.bfloat16, # bfloat16 is recommended bnb4bitusedoublequant=False, bnb4bitquanttype='nf4', ), ) peftmodel = PeftModel.frompretrained( basemodel, MODELID, subfolder="loftqinit", is_trainable=True, )

Do training with peft_model ...

```

LoftQ DIY

Apply LoftQ and save

We provide quantize_save.py as an example to apply LoftQ with different bits(--bits), ranks(--rank), and alternating steps (--iter, a hyper-parameter in LoftQ, see Algorithm 1 in LoftQ paper). Currently, this example supports llama-2, falcon, mistral, bart, t5, deberta, bert, roberta.

Below is an example of obtaining 4bit LLAMA-2-7b with 16-rank LoRA adapters by 5 alternating steps. sh SAVE_DIR="model_zoo/loftq/" python quantize_save_load.py \ --model_name_or_path meta-llama/Llama-2-7b-hf \ # high-precision model id in HF --token HF_TOKEN \ # your HF token if the model is private, e.g., llama-2 --bits 4 \ --iter 5 \ --rank 16 \ --save_dir $SAVE_DIR

The above commands end up with creating the model directory under $SAVE_DIR. Specifically, the model directory is named as

MODEL_DIR = SAVE_DIR + f"{args.model_name_or_path.split('/')[-1]}-{args.bits}bits-{args.rank}rank"

In this example, MODEL_DIR="model_zoo/loftq/Llama-2-7b-hf-4bit-16rank", where the backbone is stored in $MODEL_DIR and the LoRA adapters are at the sub-folder $MODEL_DIR/loftq_init.

Load and train

Similar to loading from Huggingface Hub, we only need to change the MODEL_ID to the MODEL_DIR.

```python import torch from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, BitsAndBytesConfig from peft import PeftModel

MODELDIR = "modelzoo/loftq/Llama-2-7b-hf-4bit-16rank"

basemodel = AutoModelForCausalLM.frompretrained( MODELDIR, torchdtype=torch.bfloat16, quantizationconfig=BitsAndBytesConfig( loadin4bit=True, bnb4bitcomputedtype=torch.bfloat16, bnb4bitusedoublequant=False, bnb4bitquanttype='nf4', ), ) peftmodel = PeftModel.frompretrained( basemodel, MODELDIR, subfolder="loftqinit", is_trainable=True, )

Do training with peft_model ...

```

LoftQ Fine-tuning

We also provide an example to fine-tune LLAMA-7b with LoftQ on GSM8K.

shell python train_gsm8k.py \ --model_name_or_path LoftQ/Llama-2-7b-hf-4bit-64rank \ --learning_rate 3e-4 \ --seed 11 \ --expt_name gsm8k_llama2_7b_4bit_64rank_loftq \ --output_dir exp_results/ \ --num_train_epochs 6 \ --per_device_train_batch_size 2 \ --gradient_accumulation_steps 8 \ --evaluation_strategy "no" \ --save_strategy "epoch" \ --weight_decay 0.1 \ --warmup_ratio 0.03 \ --lr_scheduler_type "cosine" \ --logging_steps 10 \ --do_train \ --report_to tensorboard

Here is the command to test GSM8K with adapters we have fine-tuned. It is stored in the subfolder='gsm8k' of the target model in LoftQ Huggingface hub. shell python test_gsm8k.py \ --model_name_or_path LoftQ/Llama-2-7b-hf-4bit-64rank \ --batch_size 16

Other training Files

• GLUE: glue/run_glue.py
• Question Answering: glue/run_qa.py
• Summarization: train_summarization.py
• WikiText-2: train_clm.py
• GSM8K: train_gsm8k.py

More example scripts are in scripts.

Main Results

LLAMA-2 on WikiText-2 and GSM8K

| Bit | WikiText-2 | WikiText-2 | GSM8K | GSM8K | | ---- | ---------- | ----------- | ---------- | ----------- | | | LLAMA-2-7b | LLAMA-2-13b | LLAMA-2-7b | LLAMA-2-13b | | 16 | 5.08 | 5.12 | 36.9 | 43.1 | | 4 | 5.24 | 5.16 | 35.0 | 45.0 | | 3 | 5.63 | 5.13 | 32.9 | 44.4 | | 2.5 | 5.78 | 5.22 | 31.1 | 41.1 | | 2.25 | 6.13 | 5.45 | 26.5 | 38.1 | | 2 | 7.85 | 7.69 | 20.9 | 25.4 |

Models are fine-tuned through causal language modeling on training sets and are tested on validation/test sets.

BART-large on CNN/DailyMail and XSum

| Bit | Rank | XSum | CNN/DailyMail | |---------|------|-------------------|-------------------| | Lead-3* | | 16.30/1.60/11.95 | 40.42/17.62/36.67 | | 16 | 16 | 43.95/20.72/35.68 | 45.03/21.84/42.15 | | 4 | 16 | 44.51/21.14/36.18 | 43.96/21.06/40.96 | | 2 | 16 | 40.81/17.85/32.80 | 42.52/19.81/39.51 | | 16 | 8 | 43.40/20.20/35.20 | 44.72/21.58/41.84 | | 4 | 8 | 44.08/20.72/35.89 | 43.81/20.95/40.84 | | 2 | 8 | 39.63/16.65/31.62 | 42.24/19.44/29.04 |

*: Using the first 3 sentences in the document as the summary

DeBERTa-V3-base on GLUE using Normal Float Datatype

| Bit | Rank| MNLI | QNLI | RTE | SST | MRPC | CoLA | QQP | STSB | SQuAD | ANLI | |----------|------------|----------|----------|---------|---------|----------|----------|---------|----------|-----------|----------| | | | m / mm | Acc | Acc | Acc | Acc | Acc | Mcc | P/S Corr | EM/F1 | Acc | | 16 | 16 | 90.5/90.6 | 94.0 | 82.0 | 95.3 | 89.5/93.3 | 69.2 | 92.4/89.8 | 91.6/91.1 | 88.5/92.8 | 59.8 | | 2 | 16 | 84.7/85.1 | 86.6 | 61.4 | 90.2 | 83.8/88.6 | 37.4 | 90.3/86.9 | 87.1/86.9 | 81.5/88.6 | 47.1 | | 2 | 32 | 86.0/86.1 | 89.9 | 61.7 | 92.0 | 83.6/87.2 | 47.5 | 91.0/87.9 | 87.5/87.0 | 82.9/89.8 | 49.0 |

DeBERTa-V3-base on GLUE using Uniform Quantization Datatype

| Bit | Rank | MNLI | QNLI | RTE | SST | MRPC | CoLA | QQP | STSB | SQuAD | |----------|------------|----------|----------|---------|---------|----------|----------|---------|----------|-----------| | | | m / mm | Acc | Acc | Acc | Acc | Acc | Mcc | P/S Corr | Em/F1 | | 16 | 16 | 90.5/90.6 | 94.0 | 82.0 | 95.3 | 89.5/93.3 | 69.2 | 92.4/89.8 | 91.6/91.1 | 88.5/92.8 | | 2 | 16 | 87.3/87.1 | 90.6 | 61.1 | 94.0 | 87.0/90.6 | 59.1 | 90.9/88.0 | 87.9/87.6 | 84.4/91.2 | | 2 | 32 | 88.0/88.1 | 92.2 | 63.2 | 94.7 | 87.5/91.2 | 60.5 | 91.3/88.3 | 89.5/89.2 | 85.2/91.6 |

Citation

bibtext @article{li2023loftq, title={Loftq: Lora-fine-tuning-aware quantization for large language models}, author={Li, Yixiao and Yu, Yifan and Liang, Chen and He, Pengcheng and Karampatziakis, Nikos and Chen, Weizhu and Zhao, Tuo}, journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.08659}, year={2023} }

Appendix: Off-the-shelf Model List

| Model Name | Bits | Ranks | | ----------- | ---- | ----- | | LLAMA-2-7b | 4 | 64 | | LLAMA-2-13b | 4 | 64 | | LLAMA-2-70b | 4 | 64 | | Mistral | 4 | 64 | | Mistral | 4 | 32 | | BART-large | 4 | 8 | | BART-large | 4 | 16 | | BART-large | 4 | 32 | | BART-large | 2 | 8 |