BPM Turbine Acoustics (Archived)

THIS CODE HAS BEEN SUPERSEDED by BPM.jl

Turbine acoustic code using the BPM equations developed by Brooks, Pope, and Marcolini

Developed by Eric Tingey at Brigham Young University, 2015-2017

This code models the acoustic propagation of a wind turbine based on turbulent boundary layer edge noise, separation stall noise, tip vortex formation noise, laminar boundary layer vortex shedding noise, and trailing edge bluntness vortex shedding noise. Turbulent inflow noise is not assumed in this current code. The semi-empirical equations were developed from the NACA 0012 airfoil data and the blade segments used in the test file are based on the NREL 5-MW wind turbine. Scaling of the segments is based on the blade length specified.

Brooks, T., Pope, D., and Marcolini, M., “Aipower Self-Noise and Prediction,” NASA, 1989.

Brooks, T., and Marcolini, M., "Airfoil Tip Vortex Formation Noise," AIAA Journal, 1986.

Vargas, L., "Wind Turbine Noise Prediction," Master's Thesis, Technical University of Lisbon, 2008.

Installation instructions

• system requirements: gfortran (using MinGW for Windows in order to use the commands here), python 2.7, numpy, scipy, matplotlib
• run: python setup.py install
• or navigate to the directory and run the following command in the terminal to build the Fortran code:

Mac $ cd wake_model $ f2py -c --opt=-O2 -m _bpmacoustic BPM_Acoustic_Model.f90 $ f2py -c --opt=-O2 -m _bpmvawtacoustic BPM_VAWT_Acoustic_Model.f90

Windows cd wake_model python <\your\path\to\f2py.py> -c --opt=-O2 --compiler=mingw32 --fcompiler=gfortran -m _bpmacoustic BPM_Acoustic_Model.f90 python <\your\path\to\f2py.py> -c --opt=-O2 --compiler=mingw32 --fcompiler=gfortran -m _bpmvawtacoustic BPM_VAWT_Acoustic_Model.f90 (<\your\path\to\f2py.py>: most likely C:\Python27\Scripts\f2py.py)

Running the Python code

This python code can be run from another file using: ```python SPLHAWT = _bpmacoustic.turbinepos(turbx, turby, obs, winddir, windvel, rpm, B, h, rad,\ c, c1, alpha, nu, c0, psi, AR, noisecorr) """ Calculating the sound pressure level for a HAWT

Parameters

turbx : array x-positions of all the turbines heard by an observer (east to west, meter) turby : array y-positions of all the turbines heard by an observer (north to south, meter) obs : array x-, y-, and z-position of a specified observer (E-W, N-S, height; meter) winddir : float direction the wind blows from (180=N, 270=E, 0=S, 90=W; degree) windvel : array wind velocity at each turbine in the specified wind direction (m/s) rpm : array rotation rate of each turbine (RPM) B : float number of blades on a turbine h : float height of a turbine (meter) rad : array radial positions of the blade geometry (meter) c : array chord length at each radial segment (meter) c1 : array distance from the pitch axis to leading edge at each radial segment (meter) alpha : array angle of attack of each radial segment (degree) nu : float kinematic viscosity of the air (m^2/s) c0 : float speed of sound of the air (m/s) psi : float solid angle of turbine blades between upper and lower sides of trailing edge (degree) AR : float aspect ratio of turbine blades noise_corr : float correction factor for SPL calculations (1=none, use if calculations differ from expected)

Returns

SPL_HAWT : float sound pressure level calculated at observer location (dB) """

SPLVAWT = _bpmvawtacoustic.turbinepos(ntheta, turbx, turby, obs, winddir, B, Hub,\ high, rad, c, c1, alpha, nu, c0, psi, AR, noisecorr, rot, Vinf, wakex, wakey) """ Calculating the sound pressure level for a VAWT

Parameters

ntheta : int number of points along blade flight path to calculate velocities turbx : array x-positions of all the turbines heard by an observer (east to west, meter) turby : array y-positions of all the turbines heard by an observer (north to south, meter) obs : array x-, y-, and z-position of a specified observer (E-W, N-S, height; meter) winddir : float direction the wind blows from (180=N, 270=E, 0=S, 90=W; degree) B : float number of blades on a turbine Hub : float hub height of a turbine (meter) high : array height positions along the turbine blade (meter) rad : float turbine radius (meter) c : array chord length at each radial segment (meter) c1 : array distance from the pitch axis to leading edge at each radial segment (meter) alpha : array angle of attack of each radial segment (degree) nu : float kinematic viscosity of the air (m^2/s) c0 : float speed of sound of the air (m/s) psi : float solid angle of turbine blades between upper and lower sides of trailing edge (degree) AR : float aspect ratio of turbine blades noise_corr : float correction factor for SPL calculations (1=none, use if calculations differ from expected) rot : array rotation rate of each turbine (rad/s) Vinf : float free stream wind speed (m/s) wakex : array the wake influenced x-velcoity of the turbine at each point along the blade flight path (m/s) wakey : array the wake influenced y-velcoity of the turbine at each point along the blade flight path (m/s)

Returns

SPL_VAWT : float sound pressure level calculated at observer location (dB) """ ```