SEED: Streaming Energy Consumption and Emissions Dataset

The Streaming Energy consumption and Emissions Dataset (SEED) is an open and FAIR-compliant benchmark designed for energy- and carbon-aware video streaming research. It provides segment-level measurements of energy usage and CO₂ emissions across cloud provisioning and end-user consumption stages: encoding, storage, retrieval, decoding, display.

📄 The complete dataset documentation and methodology are described in the paper:
"SEED: Energy and Emission Estimation Dataset for Adaptive Video Streaming" [PDF]

Dataset Structure

bash SEED/ ├── README.md ├── LICENSE ├── Provisioning_Encoding_Storage.csv ├── Consumption_Retrieval_Decoding.csv └── Consumption_Display.csv

Each CSV file contains detailed energy and emission measurements for over 500 video segments, under various configurations and conditions.

📚 CSV File Descriptions

1. Provisioning_Encoding_Storage.csv

Measures server-side energy and emissions during video encoding and storage.

| Column | Description | |--------|-------------| | video, codec, resolution, width, bitrate [kb/s] | Video and encoding parameters | | instance_type, cpu_model | Cloud instance details | | encoding_duration [s], average_cpu_utilization [%] | Encoding benchmarks | | cpu_energy [kWh], storage_energy [kWh] | Energy consumed | | provisioning_energy_<region>_<PUE> [kWh] | Region-specific PUE-adjusted energy | | emission_<stage>_<region>_<CI> [g] | CO₂ emissions (see below) |

2. Consumption_Retrieval_Decoding.csv

Captures client-side retrieval (LTE/Ethernet), decoding energy, and emissions.

| Column | Description | |--------|-------------| | video, codec, resolution, width, bitrate [kb/s] | Video and encoding parameters | | net, userDevice, cpu_model | Network and hardware setup | | decoding_duration [s], average_cpu_utilization [%] | Decodeing benchmarks | | energy_decode [Wh] | Decoding energy | | energy_NIC_<ETH/LTE>_<throughput> [kWh] | NIC energy at various throughputs | | emission_<NIC>_<region>_<CI> [g] | CO₂ emissions from network usage |

3. Consumption_Display.csv

Contains display energy consumption data.

| Column | Description | |--------|-------------| | video | Video segment identifier | | display_energy [kWh] | Energy for rendering the video | | emission_display_<region>_<CI> [g] | Associated CO₂ emissions |

⚙️ Benchmark Summary

• VCD – Video Complexity Dataset: https://ftp.itec.aau.at/datasets/video-complexity/

• VEED – Video Encoding Energy and CO₂ Emissions Dataset: https://github.com/cd-athena/VEED-dataset

• Codecs: HEVC and AVC

• Resolutions: From 360p to 2160p

• Bitrates: 145 kb/s to 16800 kb/s

• Provisioning: AWS EC2 instances across Frankfurt, Ireland, Paris, and Northern Virginia

• Networking: LTE dongle and Ethernet at various throughputs (16.7 to 60 Mb/s)

• Decoding: Intel Xeon Gold 5218 on a PC

• Display: LG OLED 4K Monitor (model 27EP950-B)

🌍 Region-Specific PUE

PUE values obtained from AWS Cloud.

• Frankfurt: 1.35
  
• Ireland: 1.11
  
• Paris: 1.04
  
• Northern Virginia: 1.15

🏭 Regional Carbon Intensity (CI)

CI values obtained from Electricity Maps on July 11, 2025, at 2:00 AM (GMT-5):

• Frankfurt: 334 gCO₂e/kWh
  
• Ireland: 494 gCO₂e/kWh
  
• Paris: 13 gCO₂e/kWh
  
• Northern Virginia: 472 gCO₂e/kWh
• Klagenfurt: 157 gCO₂e/kWh

💻 Instance Types

Experiments used the following EC2 instance types:

c5.large, c5.xlarge, c5.2xlarge, c5.9xlarge, m5.2xlarge, r5.2xlarge