useeior

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useeior is an R package for building and using USEEIO models.

The model object is the primary output that is built according to a given model specification and optional hybridization specification, e.g. disaggregation. Model specifications and associated hybridization specifications, e.g. disaggregation, for EPA-validated models are included in the package.

useeior offers various functions for validating, calculating, visualizing, and writing out models and/or their components. useeior is a core component of the USEEIO Modeling Framework and is in a stable development state. Users intending to use the package for production purposes and applications should use Releases. useeior v1.0.0 was peer-reviewed internally at USEPA and published at Zenodo.

An peer-reviewed article describing useeior was published in the journal Applied Sciences in April 2022. If you use useeior in a scientific publication, we would appreciate that you cite it using: @article{li_useeior_2022, title = {useeior: {An} {Open-Source} {R} {Package} for {Building} and {Using} {US} {Environmentally-Extended} {Input-Output} {Models}}, journal = {Applied Sciences}, author = {{Li, Mo} and {Ingwersen, Wesley} and {Young, Ben} and {Vendries, Jorge} and {Birney, Catherine}}, year = {2022}, pages = {4469}, number = {9}, volume = {12}, doi = {10.3390/app12094469} } or Li, M., Ingwersen, W.W., Young, B., Vendries, J. and Birney, C., 2022. useeior: An Open-Source R Package for Building and Using US Environmentally-Extended Input–Output Models. Applied Sciences, 12(9), p.4469.

See the following sections for installation and basic usage of useeior.

See Wiki for advanced uses, details about built-in data and metadata and how to contribute to useeior.

Installation

```r

Install development version from GitHub

install.packages("devtools") devtools::install_github("USEPA/useeior") ```

```r

Install a previously released version (e.g. v1.0.0) from GitHub

devtools::install_github("USEPA/useeior@v1.0.0") ```

See Releases for all previously released versions.

Usage

Build Model

View all models with existing config files that can be built using useeior

r library("useeior") seeAvailableModels()

Build a model that is available in useeior (e.g. the USEEIOv2.0.1-411 model)

r model <- buildModel('USEEIOv2.0.1-411')

To build a customized model, refer to Advanced Uses in Wiki.

This generates a complete USEEIO model with components described in the Model table.

Adjust Price Year and Type of Model Results

Adjust model results (e.g. N matrix) to user-specified price year (e.g. 2018) and type (producer's or purchaser's).

r N_adj <- adjustResultMatrixPrice("N", currency_year = 2018, purchaser_price = TRUE, model)

Calculate Model LCI and LCIA

Calculate model life cycle inventory (LCI) and life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) results with a user-specified calculation perspective, demand vector (from DemandVectors in the model object, which includes four default vectors, or a user-provided vector) and a model direct requirements matrix.

r result <- calculateEEIOModel(model, perspective = "DIRECT", demand = "CompleteProduction", use_domestic_requirements = FALSE)

This returns a Calculation Result.

Write Model to File

Write selected model matrices, demand vectors, and metadata as one .xlsx file to a given output folder. r writeModeltoXLSX(model, outputfolder)

Write model matrices as .csv files to a given output folder. r writeModelMatrices(model, to_format = "csv", outputfolder)

Validate Model

Complete model validation checks can be found in ValidateModel.Rmd. Knit ValidateModel_render.Rmd to perform all validation checks on selected models (specified under the YAML header). This will generate an .html and a .md file containing validation results for each model. See example output in inst/doc/output/.

Examples

Validate that flow totals by commodity E_c can be recalculated (within 1%) using the model satellite matrix B, market shares matrix V_n, total requirements matrix L, and demand vector y for US production.

```r

modelval <- compareEandLCIResult(model, tolerance = 0.01) print(paste("Number of flow totals by commodity passing:", modelval$NPass)) [1] "Number of flow totals by commodity passing: 1118742" print(paste("Number of flow totals by commodity failing:", modelval$NFail)) [1] "Number of flow totals by commodity failing: 0" ```

Validate that commodity output can be recalculated (within 1%) with the model total requirements matrix L and demand vector y for US production.

```r

econval <- compareOutputandLeontiefXDemand(model, tolerance = 0.01) print(paste("Number of sectors passing:",econval$NPass)) [1] "Number of sectors passing: 409" print(paste("Number of sectors failing:",econval$NFail)) [1] "Number of sectors failing: 2" print(paste("Sectors failing:", paste(econval$Failure$rownames, collapse = ", "))) [1] "Sectors failing: S00402/US, S00300/US" `` Note:S00402/US - Used and secondhand goodsandS00300/US - Noncomparable importsare two commodities that are not produced by any industry in the US, therefore their commodity output naturally cannot be recalculated with the model total requirements matrixLand demand vectory` for US production. Results for these sectors are not recommended for use.

Visualize Model Results

Examples

Rank sectors based a composite score of selected total impacts (Hr or Hl) associated with total US demand (US production or consumption vector). Comparing rankings may also be used as another form of model validation that incorporates the demand vectors and the indicators as well as the model result matrices.

```r

Calculate model LCIAd (Hr) and LCIAf (Hl)

result <- c(calculateEEIOModel(model, perspective = 'DIRECT', demand = "Production"), calculateEEIOModel(model, perspective = 'FINAL', demand = "Consumption")) colnames(result$Hr) <- model$Indicators$meta[match(colnames(result$Hr), model$Indicators$meta$Name), "Code"] colnames(result$Hl) <- colnames(result$Hr)

Define indicators

indicators <- c("ACID", "CCDD", "CMSW", "CRHW", "ENRG", "ETOX", "EUTR", "GHG", "HRSP", "HTOX", "LAND", "MNRL", "OZON", "SMOG", "WATR")

Create figure on the left

heatmapSectorRanking(model, matrix = result$Hr, indicators, sectortoremove = "", Nsector = 20, xtitle = "Hr (DIRECT perspective) & US production demand")

Create figure on the right

heatmapSectorRanking(model, matrix = result$Hl, indicators, sectortoremove = "", Nsector = 20, xtitle = "Hl (FINAL perspective) & US consumption demand") ```

More visualization examples are available in Example.Rmd.

Analyze Flow and Sector Contribution to Impact

Examples

Analyze flow contribution to total (direct+indirect) Acidification Potential in the Electricity sector (221100/US), showing top 5 contributors below.

```r

ACIDelec <- calculateFlowContributiontoImpact(model, "221100/US", "Acidification Potential") ACIDelec$contribution <- scales::percent(ACIDelec$contribution, accuracy = 0.1) head(subset(ACIDelec, TRUE, select = "contribution"), 5) contribution "Sulfur dioxide/emission/air/kg" 57.4% "Nitrogen dioxide/emission/air/kg" 39.2% "Ammonia/emission/air/kg" 2.3% "Sulfuric acid/emission/air/kg" 0.7% "Hydrofluoric acid/emission/air/kg" 0.2% ```

Analyze sector contribution to total (direct+indirect) Human Health - Respiratory Effects in the Flours and malts sector (311210/US), showing top 5 contributors below.

```r

HHRPflour <- calculateSectorContributiontoImpact(model, "311210/US", "Human Health - Respiratory Effects") HHRPflour$contribution <- scales::percent(HHRPflour$contribution, accuracy = 0.1) head(subset(HHRPflour, TRUE, select = "contribution"), 5) contribution "1111B0/US - Fresh wheat, corn, rice, and other grains" 90.7% "311210/US - Flours and malts" 1.5% "115000/US - Agriculture and forestry support" 0.9% "2123A0/US - Sand, gravel, clay, phosphate, other nonmetallic minerals" 0.8% "1111A0/US - Fresh soybeans, canola, flaxseeds, and other oilseeds" 0.8% ```

More analysis examples are available in Example.Rmd.

Compare Model Results

Comparison betwen two models can be found in CompareModel.Rmd. Knit CompareModel_render.Rmd to perform comparison on selected models (specified under the YAML header). This will return an .html and a .md file containing comparison results for each model specified in the header. An example can be found inst/doc/output/

Currently, it only compares flow totals between two models. More comparisons will be added in the future.

Additional Information

A complete list of available functions for calculating, validating, exporting and visualizing model can be found here in the Wiki.

Disclaimer

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) GitHub project code is provided on an "as is" basis and the user assumes responsibility for its use. EPA has relinquished control of the information and no longer has responsibility to protect the integrity , confidentiality, or availability of the information. Any reference to specific commercial products, processes, or services by service mark, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or imply their endorsement, recommendation or favoring by EPA. The EPA seal and logo shall not be used in any manner to imply endorsement of any commercial product or activity by EPA or the United States Government.