PyPSA-Earth. A Flexible Python-based Open Optimisation Model to Study Energy System Futures around the World.

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PyPSA-Earth: A Global Sector-Coupled Open-Source Multi-Energy System Model

PyPSA-Earth is the first open-source global cross-sectoral energy system model with high spatial and temporal resolution. The workflow provide capabilities for modelling the energy systems of any country in the world, enabling large-scale collaboration and transparent analysis for an inclusive and sustainable energy future. PyPSA-Earth is suitable for both operational studies and capacity expansion studies. Its sector-coupled modeling capabilities enable features for the detailed optimization of multi-energy systems, covering electricity, heating, transport, industry, hydrogen and more.

All the data needed for a simulation are automatically and flexibly retrieved from open sources. This includes, in particular, energy demand across sectors, generation capacities, medium- to high-voltage networks, and renewable energy potentials. Custom datasets can also be integrated as needed, and kept private if required. At the same time, PyPSA-Earth-Status provides functionality to share regional insights. If you are willing to contribute your regional expertise, feel free to open an issue there.

PyPSA-Earth is capable of providing the modelling evidence needed to translate the implications of energy scenarios into actionable regional strategies. By making this tool openly available, we aim to foster collaboration, innovation, and informed decision-making to support sustainable and efficient energy solutions worldwide.

Details on the model are available in the following academic publications:

• power model M. Parzen et all. "PyPSA-Earth: A new global open energy system optimization model demonstrated in Africa", Applied Energy, 341, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121096
• sector-coupled model H. Abdel-Khalek et al. "PyPSA-Earth sector-coupled: A global open-source multi-energy system model showcased for hydrogen applications in countries of the Global South", Applied Energy, 383, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125316

PyPSA meets Earth is an independent research initiative developing a powerful energy system model for Earth. We work on open data, open source modelling, open source solver support and open communities. Stay tuned and join our mission - We look for users, co-developers and leaders!

Figure: Example power systems build with PyPSA-Earth.
See images of ~193 more countries at Zenodo

The diagram below depicts one representative clustered node for the sector-coupled model with its generation, storage and conversion technologies.

Livetracker. Most popular global models:

There are multiple ways to get involved and learn more about our work: 1. Join our Discord Server to connect in discussion channels, get help in the support forum, and join our meetings 2. Chat on Discord with us in the following open meetings: - General initiative meeting for project news and high-level code updates. Held every fourth Thursday 16-17:00 (UK time) and is a perfect place to meet the community and get a high-level update on PyPSA ecosystem relevant for PyPSA-Earth developments. - Weekly developers meetings - Eastern-Hemisphere friendly Morning meeting every Thursday at 09:00 (UK time). - Western-Hemisphere friendly Evening meeting every Thursday 16:00 (UK time). Every forth Thursday is replaced by the General initiative meeting which has a more high-level perspective, but you can also join to discuss more particular questions. 3. Look at public materials at google Drive to share to minutes, presentations, lists and documents. Feel gree to get a look! 4. Notify your interest to on-demand meetings: - On-demand meetings - Demand creation and prediction meeting - AI asset detection meeting - Outreach meeting for planning, discussing events, workshops, communication, community activities 5. Join us and propose your stream.

Installation

1. Open your terminal at a location where you want to install pypsa-earth. Type the following in your terminal to download the package from GitHub:

bash .../some/path/without/spaces % git clone https://github.com/pypsa-meets-earth/pypsa-earth.git 2. The python package requirements are curated in the envs/environment.yaml file. The environment can be installed using:

bash .../pypsa-earth % conda env create -f envs/environment.yaml

If the above takes longer than 30min, you might want to try mamba for faster installation:

```bash (base) conda install -c conda-forge mamba

.../pypsa-earth % mamba env create -f envs/environment.yaml

```

1. For running the optimization one has to install the solver. We can recommend the open source HiGHs solver which installation manual is given here.
2. To use jupyter lab (new jupyter notebooks) continue with the ipython kernel installation and test if your jupyter lab works:

bash .../pypsa-earth % ipython kernel install --user --name=pypsa-earth .../pypsa-earth % jupyter lab 5. Verify or install a java redistribution from the official website or equivalent. To verify the successful installation the following code can be tested from bash:

bash .../pypsa-earth % java -version

The expected output should resemble the following:

bash java version "1.8.0_341" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_341-b10) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.341-b10, mixed mode)

Running the model in previous versions

The model can be run in previous versions by checking out the respective tag. For instance, to run the model in version 0.6.0, which is the last version before the recent PyPSA update, the following command can be used:

bash git checkout v0.6.0 After checking out the tag, the model can be run as usual. Please make sure to use the environment built for the respective version.

Test run on tutorial

• In the folder open a terminal/command window to be located at this path ~/pypsa-earth/
• Activate the environment conda activate pypsa-earth
• Rename config.tutorial.yaml to config.yaml. For instance in Linux: bash mv config.tutorial.yaml config.yaml
• Run a dryrun of the Snakemake workflow by typing simply in the terminal: bash snakemake -j 1 solve_all_networks -n

Remove the -n to do a real run. Follow the tutorial of PyPSA-Eur 1 and 2 on YouTube to continue with an analysis.

Training

• We recently updated some hackathon material for PyPSA-Earth. The hackathon contains jupyter notebooks with exercises. After going through the 1 day theoretical and practical material you should have a suitable coding setup and feel confident about contributing.
• The get a general feeling about the PyPSA functionality, we further recommend going through the PyPSA and Atlite examples.

Questions and Issues

• We are happy to answer questions and help with issues if they are public. Through being public the wider community can benefit from the raised points. Some tips. Bugs and feature requests should be raised in the GitHub Issues. General workflow or user questions as well as discussion points should be posted at the GitHub Discussions tab. Happy coding.

Documentation

The documentation is available here: documentation.

Collaborators

FabianHofmann	fneum	ekatef	euronion	Justus-coded	mnm-matin
GbotemiB	martacki	LukasFrankenQ	pz-max	davide-f	koen-vg
Eddy-JV	hazemakhalek	energyLS	AnasAlgarei	yerbol-akhmetov	doneachh
danielelerede-oet	DeniseGiub	finozzifa	virio-andreyana	Tomkourou	GridGrapher
drifter089	Eric-Nitschke	glenkiely-ieg	Emre-Yorat89	ljansen-iee	giacfalk
Ekaterina-Vo	lkstrp	TosinGeorge	Ly0n	Tooblippe	arizeosalac
SermishaNarayana	cpschau	gianvicolux	choiHenry	LucieRC	carlosfv92
rajesh-ieg	asolavi	rsparks3	ollie-bell	juli-a-ko	squoilin
siddharth-krishna	pitmonticone	PierreKara1	Netotse	milyas009	kma33
jessLryan	jarry7	HanaElattar	EmreYorat	AndreCNF	AlexanderMeisinger