Think Match

ThinkMatch is developed and maintained by ThinkLab at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. This repository is developed for the following purposes: * Providing modules for developing deep graph matching algorithms to facilitate future research. * Providing implementation of state-of-the-art deep graph matching methods. * Benchmarking existing deep graph matching algorithms under different dataset & experiment settings, for the purpose of fair comparison.

Official documentation: https://thinkmatch.readthedocs.io

Source code: https://github.com/Thinklab-SJTU/ThinkMatch

Introduction to Graph Matching

Graph Matching (GM) is a fundamental yet challenging problem in computer vision, pattern recognition and data mining. GM aims to find node-to-node correspondence among multiple graphs, by solving an NP-hard combinatorial problem named Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP). Recently, there is growing interest in developing deep learning based graph matching methods.

Graph matching techniques have been applied to the following applications: * Bridging movie and synopses

• Image correspondence

• Molecules matching

• and more...

In this repository, we mainly focus on image keypoint matching because it is a popular testbed for existing graph matching methods.

Readers are referred to the following survey for more technical details about graph matching: * Junchi Yan, Xu-Cheng Yin, Weiyao Lin, Cheng Deng, Hongyuan Zha, Xiaokang Yang. "A Short Survey of Recent Advances in Graph Matching." ICMR 2016.

Deep Graph Matching Algorithms

ThinkMatch currently contains pytorch source code of the following deep graph matching methods:

• GMN
  • Andrei Zanfir and Cristian Sminchisescu. "Deep Learning of Graph Matching." CVPR 2018. [paper]
• PCA-GM & IPCA-GM
  • Runzhong Wang, Junchi Yan and Xiaokang Yang. "Combinatorial Learning of Robust Deep Graph Matching: an Embedding based Approach." TPAMI 2020. [paper], [project page]
  • Runzhong Wang, Junchi Yan and Xiaokang Yang. "Learning Combinatorial Embedding Networks for Deep Graph Matching." ICCV 2019. [paper]
• NGM & NGM-v2
  • Runzhong Wang, Junchi Yan, Xiaokang Yang. "Neural Graph Matching Network: Learning Lawler's Quadratic Assignment Problem with Extension to Hypergraph and Multiple-graph Matching." TPAMI 2021. [paper], [project page]
• CIE-H
  • Tianshu Yu, Runzhong Wang, Junchi Yan, Baoxin Li. "Learning deep graph matching with channel-independent embedding and Hungarian attention." ICLR 2020. [paper]
• GANN
  • Runzhong Wang, Junchi Yan and Xiaokang Yang. "Graduated Assignment for Joint Multi-Graph Matching and Clustering with Application to Unsupervised Graph Matching Network Learning." NeurIPS 2020. [paper]
  • Runzhong Wang, Junchi Yan and Xiaokang Yang. "Unsupervised Learning of Graph Matching with Mixture of Modes via Discrepancy Minimization." TPAMI 2023. [paper], [project page]
• BBGM
  • Michal Rolínek, Paul Swoboda, Dominik Zietlow, Anselm Paulus, Vít Musil, Georg Martius. "Deep Graph Matching via Blackbox Differentiation of Combinatorial Solvers." ECCV 2020. [paper]
• GCAN
  • Zheheng Jiang, Hossein Rahmani, Plamen Angelov, Sue Black, Bryan M. Williams. "Graph-Context Attention Networks for Size-Varied Deep Graph Matching." CVPR 2022. [paper]
• AFAT
  • Runzhong Wang, Ziao Guo, Shaofei Jiang, Xiaokang Yang, Junchi Yan. "Deep Learning of Partial Graph Matching via Differentiable Top-K." CVPR 2023. [paper]
• LinSAT
  • Runzhong Wang, Yunhao Zhang, Ziao Guo, Tianyi Chen, Xiaokang Yang, Junchi Yan. "LinSATNet: The Positive Linear Satisfiability Neural Networks." ICML 2023. [paper]
• COMMON
  • Yijie Lin, Mouxing Yang, Jun Yu, Peng Hu, Changqing Zhang, Xi Peng. "Graph Matching with Bi-level Noisy Correspondence." ICCV 2023. [paper], [project page]

When to use ThinkMatch

ThinkMatch is designed as a research protocol for deep graph matching. It is recommended if you have any of the following demands: * Developing new algorithms and publishing new graph matching papers; * Understanding the details of deep graph matching models; * Playing around with the hyperparameters and network details; * Benchmarking deep graph matching networks.

When not to use ThinkMatch

You may find the environment setup in ThinkMatch complicated and the details of graph matching hard to understand. pygmtools offers a user-friendly API, and is recommended for the following cases:

• If you want to integrate graph matching as a step of your pipeline (either learning or non-learning, with numpy/pytorch/jittor/paddle/mindspore/tensorflow).
• If you want a quick benchmarking and profiling of the graph matching solvers available in pygmtools.
• If you do not want to dive too deep into the algorithm details and do not need to modify the algorithm.

You can simply install the user-friendly package by shell $ pip install pygmtools

Official documentation: https://pygmtools.readthedocs.io

Source code: https://github.com/Thinklab-SJTU/pygmtools

Deep Graph Matching Benchmarks

PascalVOC - 2GM

| model | year | aero | bike | bird | boat | bottle | bus | car | cat | chair | cow | table | dog | horse | mbkie | person | plant | sheep | sofa | train | tv | mean | | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ---- | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | | GMN | 2018 | 0.4163 | 0.5964 | 0.6027 | 0.4795 | 0.7918 | 0.7020 | 0.6735 | 0.6488 | 0.3924 | 0.6128 | 0.6693 | 0.5976 | 0.6106 | 0.5975 | 0.3721 | 0.7818 | 0.6800 | 0.4993 | 0.8421 | 0.9141 | 0.6240 | | PCA-GM | 2019 | 0.4979 | 0.6193 | 0.6531 | 0.5715 | 0.7882 | 0.7556 | 0.6466 | 0.6969 | 0.4164 | 0.6339 | 0.5073 | 0.6705 | 0.6671 | 0.6164 | 0.4447 | 0.8116 | 0.6782 | 0.5922 | 0.7845 | 0.9042 | 0.6478 | | NGM | 2019 | 0.5010 | 0.6350 | 0.5790 | 0.5340 | 0.7980 | 0.7710 | 0.7360 | 0.6820 | 0.4110 | 0.6640 | 0.4080 | 0.6030 | 0.6190 | 0.6350 | 0.4560 | 0.7710 | 0.6930 | 0.6550 | 0.7920 | 0.8820 | 0.6413 | | NHGM | 2019 | 0.5240 | 0.6220 | 0.5830 | 0.5570 | 0.7870 | 0.7770 | 0.7440 | 0.7070 | 0.4200 | 0.6460 | 0.5380 | 0.6100 | 0.6190 | 0.6080 | 0.4680 | 0.7910 | 0.6680 | 0.5510 | 0.8090 | 0.8870 | 0.6458 | | IPCA-GM | 2020 | 0.5378 | 0.6622 | 0.6714 | 0.6120 | 0.8039 | 0.7527 | 0.7255 | 0.7252 | 0.4455 | 0.6524 | 0.5430 | 0.6724 | 0.6790 | 0.6421 | 0.4793 | 0.8435 | 0.7079 | 0.6398 | 0.8380 | 0.9083 | 0.6770 | | CIE-H | 2020 | 0.5250 | 0.6858 | 0.7015 | 0.5706 | 0.8207 | 0.7700 | 0.7073 | 0.7313 | 0.4383 | 0.6994 | 0.6237 | 0.7018 | 0.7031 | 0.6641 | 0.4763 | 0.8525 | 0.7172 | 0.6400 | 0.8385 | 0.9168 | 0.6892 | | BBGM | 2020 | 0.6187 | 0.7106 | 0.7969 | 0.7896 | 0.8740 | 0.9401 | 0.8947 | 0.8022 | 0.5676 | 0.7914 | 0.6458 | 0.7892 | 0.7615 | 0.7512 | 0.6519 | 0.9818 | 0.7729 | 0.7701 | 0.9494 | 0.9393 | 0.7899 | | NGM-v2 | 2021 | 0.6184 | 0.7118 | 0.7762 | 0.7875 | 0.8733 | 0.9363 | 0.8770 | 0.7977 | 0.5535 | 0.7781 | 0.8952 | 0.7880 | 0.8011 | 0.7923 | 0.6258 | 0.9771 | 0.7769 | 0.7574 | 0.9665 | 0.9323 | 0.8011 | | NHGM-v2 | 2021 | 0.5995 | 0.7154 | 0.7724 | 0.7902 | 0.8773 | 0.9457 | 0.8903 | 0.8181 | 0.5995 | 0.8129 | 0.8695 | 0.7811 | 0.7645 | 0.7750 | 0.6440 | 0.9872 | 0.7778 | 0.7538 | 0.9787 | 0.9280 | 0.8040 | | COMMON | 2023 | 0.6560 | 0.7520 | 0.8080 | 0.7950 |0.8930 | 0.9230 | 0.9010 | 0.8180 | 0.6160 | 0.8070| 0.9500 | 0.8200 | 0.8160 | 0.7950 | 0.6660 | 0.9890 | 0.7890 | 0.8090 | 0.9930 | 0.9380 | 0.8270 |

Willow Object Class - 2GM & MGM

| model | year | remark | Car | Duck | Face | Motorbike | Winebottle | mean | | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ---- | --------------- | ------ | ------ | ------ | --------- | ---------- | ------ | | GMN | 2018 | - | 0.6790 | 0.7670 | 0.9980 | 0.6920 | 0.8310 | 0.7934 | | PCA-GM | 2019 | - | 0.8760 | 0.8360 | 1.0000 | 0.7760 | 0.8840 | 0.8744 | | NGM | 2019 | - | 0.8420 | 0.7760 | 0.9940 | 0.7680 | 0.8830 | 0.8530 | | NHGM | 2019 | - | 0.8650 | 0.7220 | 0.9990 | 0.7930 | 0.8940 | 0.8550 | | NMGM | 2019 | - | 0.7850 | 0.9210 | 1.0000 | 0.7870 | 0.9480 | 0.8880 | | IPCA-GM | 2020 | - | 0.9040 | 0.8860 | 1.0000 | 0.8300 | 0.8830 | 0.9006 | | CIE-H | 2020 | - | 0.8581 | 0.8206 | 0.9994 | 0.8836 | 0.8871 | 0.8898 | | BBGM | 2020 | - | 0.9680 | 0.8990 | 1.0000 | 0.9980 | 0.9940 | 0.9718 | | GANN-MGM | 2020 | self-supervised | 0.9600 | 0.9642 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9879 | 0.9906 | | NGM-v2 | 2021 | - | 0.9740 | 0.9340 | 1.0000 | 0.9860 | 0.9830 | 0.9754 | | NHGM-v2 | 2021 | - | 0.9740 | 0.9390 | 1.0000 | 0.9860 | 0.9890 | 0.9780 | | NMGM-v2 | 2021 | - | 0.9760 | 0.9447 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9902 | 0.9822 | | COMMON | 2023 | - | 0.9760 | 0.9820 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9960 | 0.9910 |

SPair-71k - 2GM

| model | year | aero | bike | bird | boat | bottle | bus | car | cat | chair | cow | dog | horse | mtbike | person | plant | sheep | train | tv | mean | | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ---- | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | | GMN | 2018 | 0.5991 | 0.5099 | 0.7428 | 0.4672 | 0.6328 | 0.7552 | 0.6950 | 0.6462 | 0.5751 | 0.7302 | 0.5866 | 0.5914 | 0.6320 | 0.5116 | 0.8687 | 0.5787 | 0.6998 | 0.9238 | 0.6526 | | PCA-GM | 2019 | 0.6467 | 0.4571 | 0.7811 | 0.5128 | 0.6381 | 0.7272 | 0.6122 | 0.6278 | 0.6255 | 0.6822 | 0.5906 | 0.6115 | 0.6486 | 0.5773 | 0.8742 | 0.6042 | 0.7246 | 0.9283 | 0.6595 | | NGM | 2019 | 0.6644 | 0.5262 | 0.7696 | 0.4960 | 0.6766 | 0.7878 | 0.6764 | 0.6827 | 0.5917 | 0.7364 | 0.6391 | 0.6066 | 0.7074 | 0.6089 | 0.8754 | 0.6387 | 0.7979 | 0.9150 | 0.6887 | | IPCA-GM | 2020 | 0.6901 | 0.5286 | 0.8037 | 0.5425 | 0.6653 | 0.8001 | 0.6847 | 0.7136 | 0.6136 | 0.7479 | 0.6631 | 0.6514 | 0.6956 | 0.6391 | 0.9112 | 0.6540 | 0.8291 | 0.9750 | 0.7116 | | CIE-H | 2020 | 0.7146 | 0.5710 | 0.8168 | 0.5672 | 0.6794 | 0.8246 | 0.7339 | 0.7449 | 0.6259 | 0.7804 | 0.6872 | 0.6626 | 0.7374 | 0.6604 | 0.9246 | 0.6717 | 0.8228 | 0.9751 | 0.7334 | | BBGM | 2020 | 0.7250 | 0.6455 | 0.8780 | 0.7581 | 0.6927 | 0.9395 | 0.8859 | 0.7992 | 0.7456 | 0.8315 | 0.7878 | 0.7710 | 0.7650 | 0.7634 | 0.9820 | 0.8554 | 0.9678 | 0.9931 | 0.8215 | | NGM-v2 | 2021 | 0.6877 | 0.6331 | 0.8677 | 0.7013 | 0.6971 | 0.9467 | 0.8740 | 0.7737 | 0.7205 | 0.8067 | 0.7426 | 0.7253 | 0.7946 | 0.7340 | 0.9888 | 0.8123 | 0.9426 | 0.9867 | 0.8020 | | NHGM-v2 | 2021 | 0.6202 | 0.5781 | 0.8642 | 0.6846 | 0.6872 | 0.9335 | 0.8081 | 0.7656 | 0.6919 | 0.7987 | 0.6623 | 0.7171 | 0.7812 | 0.6953 | 0.9824 | 0.8444 | 0.9316 | 0.9926 | 0.7799 | | COMMON | 2023 | 0.7730 | 0.6820 | 0.9200 | 0.7950 | 0.7040 | 0.9750 | 0.9160 | 0.8250 | 0.7220 | 0.8800 | 0.8000| 0.7410 | 0.8340 | 0.8280 | 0.9990 | 0.8440 | 0.9820 | 0.9980| 0.8450 |

ThinkMatch includes the flowing datasets with the provided benchmarks:

• PascalVOC-Keypoint
• Willow-Object-Class
• CUB2011
• SPair-71k
• IMC-PT-SparseGM

TODO We also plan to include the following datasets in the future: * Synthetic data

ThinkMatch also supports the following graph matching settings: * 2GM namely Two-Graph Matching where every time only a pair of two graphs is matched. * MGM namely Multi-Graph Matching where more than two graphs are jointly matched. * MGM3 namely Multi-Graph Matching with a Mixture of Modes, where multiple graphs are jointly considered, and at the same time the graphs may come from different categories.

Get Started

Docker (RECOMMENDED)

Get the recommended docker image by bash docker pull runzhongwang/thinkmatch:torch1.6.0-cuda10.1-cudnn7-pyg1.6.3-pygmtools0.5.1

Other combinations of torch and cuda are also available. See available images at docker hub.

See details in ThinkMatch-runtime.

Manual configuration (for Ubuntu)

This repository is developed and tested with Ubuntu 16.04, Python 3.7, Pytorch 1.6, cuda10.1, cudnn7 and torch-geometric 1.6.3. 1. Install and configure Pytorch 1.6 (with GPU support). 1. Install ninja-build: apt-get install ninja-build 1. Install python packages: bash pip install tensorboardX scipy easydict pyyaml xlrd xlwt pynvml pygmtools 1. Install building tools for LPMP: ```bash apt-get install -y findutils libhdf5-serial-dev git wget libssl-dev

wget https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.19.1/cmake-3.19.1.tar.gz && tar zxvf cmake-3.19.1.tar.gz
cd cmake-3.19.1 && ./bootstrap && make && make install
```

1. Install and build LPMP: bash python -m pip install git+https://git@github.com/rogerwwww/lpmp.git You may need gcc-9 to successfully build LPMP. Here we provide an example installing and configuring gcc-9: ```bash apt-get update apt-get install -y software-properties-common add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test

apt-get install -y gcc-9 g++-9 update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-9 60 --slave /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-9 ```

1. Install torch-geometric: bash export CUDA=cu101 export TORCH=1.6.0 /opt/conda/bin/pip install torch-scatter==2.0.5 -f https://pytorch-geometric.com/whl/torch-${TORCH}+${CUDA}.html /opt/conda/bin/pip install torch-sparse==0.6.8 -f https://pytorch-geometric.com/whl/torch-${TORCH}+${CUDA}.html /opt/conda/bin/pip install torch-cluster==1.5.8 -f https://pytorch-geometric.com/whl/torch-${TORCH}+${CUDA}.html /opt/conda/bin/pip install torch-spline-conv==1.2.0 -f https://pytorch-geometric.com/whl/torch-${TORCH}+${CUDA}.html /opt/conda/bin/pip install torch-geometric==1.6.3

2. If you have configured gcc-9 to build LPMP, be sure to switch back to gcc-7 because this code repository is based on gcc-7. Here is also an example:

   bash update-alternatives --remove gcc /usr/bin/gcc-9 update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-7 60 --slave /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-7

Available datasets

Note: All following datasets can be automatically downloaded and unzipped by pygmtools, but you can also download the dataset yourself if a download failure occurs.

1. PascalVOC-Keypoint

   1. Download VOC2011 dataset and make sure it looks like data/PascalVOC/TrainVal/VOCdevkit/VOC2011
   2. Download keypoint annotation for VOC2011 from Berkeley server or google drive and make sure it looks like data/PascalVOC/annotations
   3. The train/test split is available in data/PascalVOC/voc2011_pairs.npz. This file must be added manually.

   Please cite the following papers if you use PascalVOC-Keypoint dataset: ``` @article{EveringhamIJCV10, title={The pascal visual object classes (voc) challenge}, author={Everingham, Mark and Van Gool, Luc and Williams, Christopher KI and Winn, John and Zisserman, Andrew}, journal={International Journal of Computer Vision}, volume={88}, pages={303–338}, year={2010} }

   @inproceedings{BourdevICCV09, title={Poselets: Body part detectors trained using 3d human pose annotations}, author={Bourdev, L. and Malik, J.}, booktitle={International Conference on Computer Vision}, pages={1365--1372}, year={2009}, organization={IEEE} } ```

2. Willow-Object-Class

   1. Download Willow-ObjectClass dataset from the official site or hugging face
   2. Unzip the dataset and make sure it looks like data/WillowObject/WILLOW-ObjectClass

   Please cite the following paper if you use Willow-Object-Class dataset: @inproceedings{ChoICCV13, author={Cho, Minsu and Alahari, Karteek and Ponce, Jean}, title = {Learning Graphs to Match}, booktitle = {International Conference on Computer Vision}, pages={25--32}, year={2013} }

3. CUB2011

   1. Download CUB-200-2011 dataset.
   2. Unzip the dataset and make sure it looks like data/CUB_200_2011/CUB_200_2011

   Please cite the following report if you use CUB2011 dataset: @techreport{CUB2011, Title = {{The Caltech-UCSD Birds-200-2011 Dataset}}, Author = {Wah, C. and Branson, S. and Welinder, P. and Perona, P. and Belongie, S.}, Year = {2011}, Institution = {California Institute of Technology}, Number = {CNS-TR-2011-001} }

4. IMC-PT-SparseGM

   1. Download the IMC-PT-SparseGM dataset from google drive or baidu drive (code: g2cj) or hugging face.
   2. Unzip the dataset and make sure it looks like data/IMC-PT-SparseGM/annotations for 50 anchor points and data/IMC-PT-SparseGM/annotations_100 for 100 anchor points

   Please cite the following papers if you use IMC-PT-SparseGM dataset: ``` @article{JinIJCV21, title={Image Matching across Wide Baselines: From Paper to Practice}, author={Jin, Yuhe and Mishkin, Dmytro and Mishchuk, Anastasiia and Matas, Jiri and Fua, Pascal and Yi, Kwang Moo and Trulls, Eduard}, journal={International Journal of Computer Vision}, pages={517--547}, year={2021} }

   @InProceedings{WangCVPR23, author = {Wang, Runzhong and Guo, Ziao and Jiang, Shaofei and Yang, Xiaokang and Yan, Junchi}, title = {Deep Learning of Partial Graph Matching via Differentiable Top-K}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)}, month = {June}, year = {2023} } ```

5. SPair-71k

   1. Download SPair-71k dataset
   2. Unzip the dataset and make sure it looks like data/SPair-71k

   Please cite the following papers if you use SPair-71k dataset:

   ``` @article{min2019spair, title={SPair-71k: A Large-scale Benchmark for Semantic Correspondence}, author={Juhong Min and Jongmin Lee and Jean Ponce and Minsu Cho}, journal={arXiv prepreint arXiv:1908.10543}, year={2019} }

   @InProceedings{min2019hyperpixel, title={Hyperpixel Flow: Semantic Correspondence with Multi-layer Neural Features}, author={Juhong Min and Jongmin Lee and Jean Ponce and Minsu Cho}, booktitle={ICCV}, year={2019} } ``` For more information, please see pygmtools.

Run the Experiment

Run training and evaluation bash python train_eval.py --cfg path/to/your/yaml

and replace path/to/your/yaml by path to your configuration file, e.g. bash python train_eval.py --cfg experiments/vgg16_pca_voc.yaml

Default configuration files are stored inexperiments/ and you are welcomed to try your own configurations. If you find a better yaml configuration, please let us know by raising an issue or a PR and we will update the benchmark!

Pretrained Models

ThinkMatch provides pretrained models. The model weights are available via google drive

To use the pretrained models, firstly download the weight files, then add the following line to your yaml file: yaml PRETRAINED_PATH: path/to/your/pretrained/weights

Chat with the Community

If you have any questions, or if you are experiencing any issues, feel free to raise an issue on GitHub.

We also offer the following chat rooms if you are more comfortable with them:

• Discord (for English users):

• QQ Group (for Chinese users)/QQ群(中文用户): 696401889

Citing ThinkMatch

If you find any of the models useful in your research, please cite the corresponding papers (BibTeX citations are available for each model in the models/ directory).

If you like this framework, you may also cite the underlying library pygmtools which is called during training & testing: @article{wang2024pygm, author = {Runzhong Wang and Ziao Guo and Wenzheng Pan and Jiale Ma and Yikai Zhang and Nan Yang and Qi Liu and Longxuan Wei and Hanxue Zhang and Chang Liu and Zetian Jiang and Xiaokang Yang and Junchi Yan}, title = {Pygmtools: A Python Graph Matching Toolkit}, journal = {Journal of Machine Learning Research}, year = {2024}, volume = {25}, number = {33}, pages = {1-7}, url = {https://jmlr.org/papers/v25/23-0572.html}, }