About

Neko is a portable framework for high-order spectral element flow simulations. Written in modern Fortran, Neko adopts an object-oriented approach, allowing multi-tier abstractions of the solver stack and facilitating various hardware backends ranging from general-purpose processors, CUDA and HIP enabled accelerators to SX-Aurora vector processors. Neko has its roots in the spectral element code Nek5000 from UChicago/ANL, from where many of the namings, code structure and numerical methods are adopted.

Cloning the project

bash git clone https://github.com/ExtremeFLOW/neko

Documentation

Documentation for Neko is available at neko.cfd and most things related to the code, cases, and different features are described there. The current (nightly) documentation is here. The documentation is always improving, in large part due to our active users and if something is missing or hard to understand, don't be afraid to start a discussion or create a Pull request. It is a great way to help us improve and also to start getting involved in the project.

Building the project

To build the project you will need: A Fortran compiler supporting the Fortran-08 standard, a working MPI installation, JSON-Fortran, and BLAS/lapack. Optional dependencies are gslib and ParMETIS. We use autotools to build the project. These instructions should work in general, but as the project is quickly developing, things might change. While we assume MPI and BLAS are installed, if JSON-Fortran is not already available it can be cloned, installed, and the correct paths set with the following commands (Skip this step if you already have an installation of JSON-Fortran).

bash export JSON_INSTALL=/path/to/json-fortran_install # Where you want to install json-fortran ```bash git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/ExtremeFLOW/json-fortran/ cmake -S json-fortran -B json-fortran/build -DCMAKEINSTALLPREFIX=${JSONINSTALL} -DUSEGNUINSTALLCONVENTION=ON -DSKIPDOCGEN=ON -Wno-dev cmake --build json-fortran/build --parallel cmake --install json-fortran/build export LDLIBRARYPATH=${LDLIBRARYPATH}:${JSONINSTALL}/lib/ #On some systems lib should be replaced with lib64 export PKGCONFIGPATH=${PKGCONFIGPATH}:${JSONINSTALL}/lib/pkgconfig

```

A basic CPU version of Neko can then be installed according to the following bash cd neko ./regen.sh ./configure --prefix=/path/to/neko_install # Where you want to install neko make install More detailed installation instructions and all the different options (such as how to install Neko for GPUs) can be found in the documentation available at https://neko.cfd.

Running examples

After the project has been built

bash cd examples/tgv /path/to/neko_install/bin/makeneko tgv.f90 mpirun -np 4 ./neko tgv.case If there is not a .f90 (user) file in the example, the standard executable neko can also be used, for example: bash cd examples/hemi mpirun -np 4 /path/to/neko_install/bin/neko hemi.case only uses built-in functions and does not need a compiled user file. Whether you will need a user file or not depends on what functionality you want and this is also documented in the documentation.

Preferred citation for Neko

When using Neko in a scientific publication, please add a citation to the following publication (see also CITATION.cff): * Jansson, N., Karp, M., Podobas, A., Markidis, S. and Schlatter, P., 2024. Neko: A modern, portable, and scalable framework for high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics. Computer & Fluids, 275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2024.106243

Publications using Neko

Computer science

• Jansson, N., 2021. Spectral Element Simulations on the NEC SX-Aurora TSUBASA. In proc. HPCAsia 2021.
• Karp, M., Podobas, A., Kenter, T., Jansson, N., Plessl, C., Schlatter, P. and Markidis, S., 2022. A high-fidelity flow solver for unstructured meshes on field-programmable gate arrays: Design, evaluation, and future challenges. In proc. HPCAsia 2022.
• Karp, M., Jansson, N., Podobas, A., Schlatter, P., and Markidis, S., 2022. Reducing Communication in the Conjugate Gradient Method: A Case Study on High-Order Finite Elements. In proc. PASC 2022.
• Karp, M., Massaro, D., Jansson, N., Hart, A., Wahlgren, J., Schlatter, P., and Markidis, S., 2023. Large-Scale Direct Numerical Simulations of Turbulence Using GPUs and Modern Fortran. The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications, 37, 5.
• Jansson, N., Karp, M., Perez, A., Mukha, T., Ju, Y., Liu, J., Pll, S., Laure, E., Weinkauf, T., Schumacher, J., Schlatter, P., Markidis, S., 2023. Exploring the Ultimate Regime of Turbulent RayleighBnard Convection Through Unprecedented Spectral-Element Simulations. SC '23: Proceedings of the International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis.
• Jansson, N., Karp, M., Podobas, A., Markidis, S. and Schlatter, P., 2024. Neko: A modern, portable, and scalable framework for high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics. Computer & Fluids, 275.

Flow physics

• Massaro, D., Karp, M., Jansson, N., Markidis, S., Schlatter, P., 2024. "Direct numerical simulation of the turbulent flow around a Flettner rotor". Nature Scientific Reports 14, 3004. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-53194-x

Acknowledgments

The development of Neko was supported by the European Commission Horizon 2020 project grant EPiGRAM-HS: Exascale Programming Models for Heterogeneous Systems (grant reference 801039), the European High Performance Computing Joint Unertaking (JU) and Sweden, Germany, Spain, Greece and Denmark under grant "CEEC - Centre of Excellence for Exascale CFD" (grant agreement No 101093393), the Swedish Research Council project grant Efficient Algorithms for Exascale Computational Fluid Dynamics (grant reference 2019-04723) and the SeRC Exascale Simulation Software Initiative (SESSI). The Neko logo was designed by Robert Hansen Jagrelius.

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