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# Citations


Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. (2023a, May 19). *Arsenic toxicity: What are the physiologic effects of arsenic exposure?*. Environmental Health and Medicine Education. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/arsenic/physiologic_effects.html

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. (2019, October). ATSDR Antimony ToxFAQs. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/tfacts23.pdf

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. (2023b, May 26). *Radon toxicity: What are the potential health effects from exposure to increased radon levels?. Environmental Health and Medicine.* https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/radon/health_effects.html

American Academy of Pediatrics. (2024, March 20). Lead Exposure in Children. https://www.aap.org/en/patient-care/lead-exposure/lead-exposure-in-children/

Associated Press. (2011, September 6). *Navajo Woman Helps Prompt Uranium Mine Cleanup.* Deseret News. https://www.deseret.com/2011/9/6/20214171/navajo-woman-helps-prompt-uranium-mine-cleanup/

Begaye, R. (n.d.). *Original Sihasin Resolution*. YA’AT’EEH. https://cpmd.nndcd.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2021/02/original-sihasin-resolution.pdf

Calvert, M. F. (2021, February 23). *Toxic legacy of uranium mines on Navajo Nation confronts Interior nominee Deb Haaland.* Pulitzer Center. https://pulitzercenter.org/stories/toxic-legacy-uranium-mines-navajo-nation-confronts-interior-nominee-deb-haaland

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024, March 1). *Respiratory Viruses and Older Adults*. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/risk-factors/older-adults.html

Credo, J., Torkelson, J., Rock, T., & Ingram, J. C. (2019). Quantification of Elemental Contaminants in Unregulated Water across Western Navajo Nation. *International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health*, 16(15), Article 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152727

Environmental Protection Agency. (n.d.). EPA. https://www.epa.gov/privatewells/potential-well-water-contaminants-and-their-impacts          
           
Hoover, J., Gonzales, M., Shuey, C., Barney, Y., & Lewis, J. (2017). Elevated Arsenic and Uranium Concentrations in Unregulated Water Sources on the Navajo Nation, USA. *Exposure and Health*, 9(2), 113–124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-016-0226-6

Howe, L. (2014). *History.* Navajo Reservation. http://lchowenavajoreservation.weebly.com/history.html 

Hudson, M., Carroll, S. R., Anderson, J., Blackwater, D., Cordova-Marks, F. M., Cummins, J., David-Chavez, D., Fernandez, A., Garba, I., Hiraldo, D., Jäger, M. B., Jennings, L. L., Martinez, A., Sterling, R., Walker, J. D., & Rowe, R. K. (2023). Indigenous Peoples’ Rights in Data: A Contribution Toward Indigenous Research Sovereignty. *Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics, 8*. https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2023.1173805

Indian Country Grassroots Support. (2019, October 8). *Act of June 18, 1934-Indian Reorganization Act.* Diné Nihi Kéyah Project. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/COMPS-5299/pdf/COMPS-5299.pdf

Indian Country Grassroots Support. (2024, March 26). *Land Base Formation, Navajo Nation*. Diné Nihi Kéyah Project. https://dinelanduse.org/history/

Ingram, J. C., Jones, L., Credo, J., & Rock, T. (2020). Uranium and arsenic unregulated water issues on Navajo lands. *Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A, 38(3), 031003*. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.5142283

Jones, L., Credo, J., Parnell, R., & Ingram, J. C. (2020). Dissolved uranium and arsenic in unregulated groundwater sources – western navajo nation. *Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education, 169(1), 27–43*. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-704x.2020.03330.x

Kavanaugh, & Gorsuch. (2023, June 22). *21-1484 Arizona v. Navajo Nation (06/22/2023)*. https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/22pdf/21-1484_aplc.pdf

Loomis, Brandon. “Abandoned Uranium Mines Continue to Haunt Navajos on Reservation.” *Azcentral*., 10 Aug. 2014, www.azcentral.com/story/news/arizona/investigations/2014/08/04/uranium-mining-navajos-devastating-health-effects/13591333/

Morales, Laurel. “For the Navajo Nation, Uranium Mining’s Deadly Legacy Lingers.” *NPR CPR News: Public Health*, 10 Apr. 2016, www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/04/10/473547227/for-the-navajo-nation-uranium-minings-deadly-legacy-lingers. 

National Archives and Records Administration. (2022, February 8). *Dawes Act (1887).* National Archives. https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/dawes-act

New Mexico Historic Sites a Division of the New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs. (n.d.). *Bosque Redondo Memorial at Fort Sumner Historic Site: History. New Mexico Historic Sites*. https://nmhistoricsites.org/bosque-redondo/history
 
Northwestern University Chemistry Department and Groundswell Educational Films. (n.d.). *Export raw data*. Navajo Nation Water Quality Project. http://navajowater.org/export-raw-data/


Radon in Canada’s Uranium Industry. (2012, Mar). nuclearsafety.gc.ca/eng/pdfs/Fact_Sheets/Radon-Fact-Sheet_e.pdf 

Rodriguez-Freire, L., Avasarala, S., Ali, A.-M. S., Agnew, D., Hoover, J. H., Artyushkova, K., Latta, D. E., Peterson, E. J., Lewis, J., Crossey, L. J., Brearley, A. J., & Cerrato, J. M. (2016). Post Gold King Mine Spill Investigation of Metal Stability in Water and Sediments of the Animas River Watershed. *Environmental Science & Technology*, 50(21), 11539–11548. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b03092

Smith, A. V., Farooq, U., & Olalde, M. (2023, June 26). *Supreme Court keeps Navajo Nation waiting for water*. ProPublica. https://www.propublica.org/article/supreme-court-navajo-nation-water-rights-scotus

Spicer, Wendy. “Lead Contamination in Drinking Water: What You Need to Know.” *Lead in Water Information,* 17 Oct. 2018, www.hydroviv.com/blogs/water-smarts/lead-in-drinking-water

State of Utah. (2023, December 21). *Gold King Mine 2015 Release*. Utah Department of Environmental Quality. https://deq.utah.gov/general/gold-king-mine-2015-release

“Testing for Radon in Water.” *National Radon Program Services*, sosradon.org/water-testing#water-radon-levels. Accessed 2 Aug. 2023. 

“Thorium - Cancer-Causing Substances.” *National Cancer Institute*, 8 Dec. 2022, www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/thorium. 

*Thorium ToxFAQs*, Sept. 2019, www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/tfacts147.pdf. 

US Environmental Protection Agency. (2024, June 17). *Abandoned Mines Cleanup. Navajo Nation: Cleaning Up Abandoned Uranium Mines*. http://www.epa.gov/navajo-nation-uranium-cleanup/abandoned-mines-cleanup 

US Environmental Protection Agency. (2024a, February 14). *Drinking Water Regulations and Contaminants*. EPA. http://www.epa.gov/sdwa/drinking-water-regulations-and-contaminants#SecondaryList.

US Environmental Protection Agency. (2024, June 13). *National Primary Drinking Water 
Regulations*. EPA. https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/national-primary-drinking-water-regulations

USEPA Region 9. (2018, April). *Abandoned uranium mine settlements on the Navajo Nation. United States Environmental Protection Agency.* https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2018-05/documents/navajo_nation_settlement_fact_sheet-2018-04-18.pdf

USEPA. (2021, January). *TEN-YEAR PLAN: Federal Actions to Address Impacts of Uranium Contamination on the Navajo Nation 2020-2029*. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2021-02/documents/nnaum-ten-year-plan-2021-01.pdf

USEPA. (2022, July). *Annual progress update: Federal actions to address uranium contamination on Navajo Nation.* https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2022-11/ten-year-plan-annual-progress-update-nnaum-2022-07.pdf 

USGS and EPA. (n.d.). *Water Quality Portal.* National Water Quality Monitoring Council. https://www.waterqualitydata.us/

Van Horne, Y. O., Chief, K., Charley, P. H., Begay, M.-G., Lothrop, N., Bell, M. L., Canales, R. A., Teufel-Shone, N. I., & Beamer, P. I. (2021). Impacts to Diné activities with the San Juan River after the Gold King Mine Spill. *Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology*, 31(5), Article 5. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-021-00290-z

Van Horne, Y. O., Chief, K., Charley, P. H., Begay, M.-G., Lothrop, N., Canales, R. A., & Beamer, P. I. (2023). A Community-Based Health Risk Assessment Following the Gold King Mine Spill: Results from the Gold King Mine Spill Diné Exposure Project. *Exposure and Health.* https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-023-00583-8

Wikimedia Foundation. (2024a, April 10). *2015 Gold King Mine Waste Water Spill.* Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Gold_King_Mine_waste_water_spill

Wikimedia Foundation. (2024b, June 28). *Uranium mining and the Navajo people.* Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium_mining_and_the_Navajo_people