Open IMO Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) Calculator 🚢

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A python version of this repository is available here

A web version of this repository is available at www.121-export.com

What is this?

An unofficial open source implementation of the International Maritime Organisation (IMO)'s Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII).

The CII indicator aims to make the carbon intensity of any given ship easy to understand, transparent, and standardised. It does so by ranking all ships globally on an A to E rating (A being the best, E being the worst). Ship emission intensity calculations consider a mixture of weight, distance travelled in the calendar year, and the fuel used in their main engines (for a comprehensive explanation, see the methodology section).

Grades are re-calculated annually. The boundaries of what is considered "good" is a moving target, described in table 4. This moving target is intended to encourage shipping firms to constantly improve the carbon intensity of their ships to 2030. The graph below demonstrates the gradual tightening of the IMO's Carbon Intensity requirements over time. The nearer to 2030, the lower a ship's Attained CII must be to achieve an A grade.

The specification for this software can be found in IMO's resolution MEPC.354(78), adopted in June 2022. Additional references, summaries, & resolutions can be found in the References & datasets section.

[!NOTE] The repository code & software is provided as-is. While best-efforts are made to ensure its results are acurate inline with the IMO's CII specifications, the results it produces are estimates and guidance. Results should not be considered proof of regulatory compliance.

Table of Contents

• Open IMO Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) Calculator 🚢
  • What is this?
• Table of Contents
• Software
  • Software Roadmap
  • Getting Started
  • Calculator Result Format
• Methodology
  • Ship Grade Ratio Methodology
  • Ship Grade Worked example
  • Ship Attained Carbon Intensity Methodology
  • Ship transport work methodology
  • Ship CO2 Emissions Methodology
  • Ship Capacity Methodology
• Reference Tables
  • Table 1: MEPC.353(78) - Shipping Capacity Tables
  • Table 2: MEPC.364(79) Mass Conversion between fuel consumption and CO2 emissions
  • Table 3: MEPC.339(76) - Ship Grading Boundaries
  • Table 4: Annual Carbon Reduction Factors (Z%)
  • Table 5: Common shipping measurement conversions
• Shipping Terminology & Glossary
• References & datasets
  • Further Reading
  • Useful datasets (mixed public and private)

Software

Software Roadmap

The following features are on the roadmap for the application:

• Support for Dependency Injection (DI). Currently the application does not
• Support for IMO Resolution MEPC.355(78). Currently the application considers fuel consumption only. Support for MEPC355(78) will bring additional CII properties, for example the lighting in crew quarters.

Getting Started

The library can be installed via Nuget. There is a C# dotnet console app at EtiveMor.OpenImoCiiCalculator.DemoConsoleApp, which demonstrates how to create a new instance of the calculator, submit data, and receive results in the format EtiveMor.OpenImoCiiCalculator.Core.ModelsCalculationResult.

When submitting data to the CalculateAttainedCiiRating method, the following parameters are required:

csharp ShipType shipType, double grossTonnage, double deadweightTonnage, double distanceTravelled, TypeOfFuel fuelType, double fuelConsumption, int targetYear

• The ship's type must be one of EtiveMor.OpenImoCiiCalculator.Core.Models.Enums.ShipType.
• Gross Tonnage is measured in long-tons (1.016047 metric tonnes, or 1,016.047 kilograms)
• Deadweight Tonnage is measured in long-tons (1.016047 metric tonnes, or 1,016.047 kilograms)
• Distance travelled is measured in nautical miles (1,852 metres)
• Fuel type must be one of EtiveMor.OpenImoCiiCalculator.Core.Models.Enums.TypeOfFuel
• Fuel consumption is measured in grams, and accepts scientific notation like 1.9e+10
• Year must refer to the measured year. For example, if a ship's fuel consumption is known in 2022, all other results will be based from that point

Multiple Fuel Type calculations

There are two CalculateAttainedCiiRating methods. One for a ship which consumes a single fuel type, and another which consumes multiple fuel types. Both methods are available at CalculateAttainedCiiRating.

Calculator Result Format

json { "results": [ { "isMeasuredYear": true, "isEstimatedYear": false, "year": 2019, "rating": 2, "requiredCii": 19.184190519387734, "attainedCii": 16.243733333333335, "attainedRequiredRatio": 0.8467249799733408, "calculatedCo2eEmissions": 60914000000.0, "calculatedShipCapacity": 25000.0, "calculatedTransportWork": 3750000000.0, "vectorBoundariesForYear": { "year": 2019, "shipType": 110, "weightClassification": { "upperLimit": 0, "lowerLimit": 2147483647 }, "capacityUnit": 3, "boundaryDdVectors": { "Superior": 14.579984794734678, "Lower": 17.649455277836715, "Upper": 21.869977192102013, "Inferior": 24.939447675204054 } } }, ... ] }

| Property | Description | | ----- | ---- | | isMeasuredYear | describes if the result array was generated based on this year | | isEstimatedYear | describes if the result array was NOT generated based on this year (is always equal to !isMeasuredYear) | | year | describes the year in question | | rating | describes the rating for the ship in the given year. A=1, B=2, C=3, D=4, E=5. 0 indicates an error. See EtiveMor.OpenImoCiiCalculator.Core.Models.Enums.ImoCiiRating | | requiredCii | The actual intensity required for the ship to be considered in-range of the IMO's regulations (note that from 2027 onwards, this is a projection) | | attainedCii | The estimated or actual intensity attained for the ship in the given year | | attainedRequiredRatio | The ratio between requiredCii and attainedCii | | calculatedCo2eEmissions | The calculated CO2e emissions this result was based on | | calculatedShipCapacity | The calculated ship capacity this result was based on | | calculatedTransportWork | The calculated transport work this result was based on | | vectorBoundariesForYear.year | the year in question (repeats .year) | | vectorBoundariesForYear.shipType | the type of ship EtiveMor.OpenImoCiiCalculator.Core.Models.Enums.ShipType | | vectorBoundariesForYear.weightClassification | the weight classification the ship has been considered for (see MEPC.354(78)) | | vectorBoundariesForYear.capacityUnit | describes if this ship was measured against its Deadweight or Gross Tonnage EtiveMor.OpenImoCiiCalculator.Core.Models.Enums.CapacityUnit | | vectorBoundariesForYear.boundaryDdVectors.Superior | Describes the highest value a ship't attainedCii can acheive, while still being considered Superior | | vectorBoundariesForYear.boundaryDdVectors.Lower | Describes the highest value a ship't attainedCii can acheive, while still being considered Lower | | vectorBoundariesForYear.boundaryDdVectors.Upper | Describes the highest value a ship't attainedCii can acheive, while still being considered Upper | | vectorBoundariesForYear.boundaryDdVectors.Inferior | Describes the highest value a ship't attainedCii can acheive, while still being considered Inferior |

Methodology

A ship's Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) is measured by calculating its transport workload in a given calendar year, then calculating the mass of $CO2$ produced by the ship in that year. The ship's Attained CII is the product of its $transportWork$ and the $massOfCO2Emissions$ in one calendar year.

$AttainedCII = massOfCo2Emissions \times transportWork$

Ships are split into 12 categories, for example "Bulk Carrier", "Tanker", "Cruise Passenger Ship" among others (see Table 1 for a comprehensive list). A ship is compared internally among its category peers but never across categories, for example, a Bulk Carrier is not directly comparable to a LNG Carrier in this system.

Inputs - The type of ship - The type of fuel used by the ship's main engine - The capacity of the ship, measured in either Deadweight Tonnage (DWT) or Gross Tonnage (GT) - The distance travelled by the ship in one calendar year, measured in nautical miles

The ship's Attained CII is then compared to its Required CII to produce an easy to understand grade for the ship. The grading scheme is in the range A to E, where A is the most efficient bracket, C represents a ship at-or-near its CII, and E is the least efficient.

| Grade | Description | | ----- | ---- | | A | CII below the Superior Boundary | | B | CII above the Superior Boundary and below the Lower Boundary | | C | CII between the Lower Boundary and the Upper Boundary | | D | CII above the Upper Boundary and below the Inferior Boundary | | E | CII above the Inferior Boundary |

Fig1. IMO Boundaries, after IMO MEPC.354(78)

Ship Grade Ratio Methodology

A ship's grade is calculated by comparing its Attained CII to its Required CII to give its performance $A/R$ ratio. If the ship's $A/R$ ratio falls below the boundary for its class of Ship Type, it attains a higher (better) grade. Boundaries are calculated as:

$shipTypeRequiredCII \times exp(d_i)$.

Ship Grade Worked example

The worked example below considers a Bulk Carrier, with a Deadweight Tonnage below 279,000. Assuming the Bulk Carrier's $required CII$ is:

$10g CO_2 / DWT.NM$

[!IMPORTANT] For some ship types, $GT \times NM$ should be used instead of $DWT \times NM$, see Table 1 and transport work done methodology for a comprehensive guide.

Then the boundaries are calculated with:

• $10 \times exp(d1)$
• $10 \times exp(d2)$
• $10 \times exp(d3)$
• $10 \times exp(d4)$.

The $exp(d_i)$ rating boundaries for each ship type can be found in Table 3. The resultant boundaries for the Bulk Carrier in question are:

| Boundary Type | Required CII | Boundary's Lower Threshold | | ------------- | --------------- | --------------- | | Superior | $= 10 \times exp(d1)$
$= 10 \times 0.86$
$= 8.6$ | $8.6 gCO2/transportWork$ | | Lower | $= 10 \times exp(d2)$
$= 10 \times 0.94$
$= 9.4$ | $9.4 gCO2/transportWork$ | | Upper | $= 10 \times exp(d3)$
$= 10 \times 1.06$
$= 10.6$ | $10.6 gCO2/transportWork$ | | Inferior | $= 10 \times exp(d4)$
$= 10 \times 1.18$
$= 11.8$ | $11.8 gCO2/transportWork$ |

Grades are then derived from these boundaries, by comparing the ship's Attained CII to the thresholds across a given calendar year:

| Grade | Higher than | Lower than | Description | | ----- | :----: | :----: | ---- | | A | | 8.6 | Below Superior Boundary | | B | 8.6 | 9.4 | Above Superior Boundary,
Below Lower Boundary | | C | 9.4 | 10.6 | Above Lower Boundary,
Below Upper Boundary | | D | 10.6 | 11.8 | Above Upper Boundary,
Below Inferior Boundary | | E | 11.8 | | Above Inferior Boundary |

Example Results:

• If the ship's Attained CII was $9gCO_2/ DWT \times NM$, the ship receives a grade B, as its Attained CII was above the threshold for Superior Boundary, but below the threshold for Lower Boundary.
• If the ship's Attained CII was $11gCO_2/ DWT \times NM$, the ship receives a grade D, as its Attained CII was above the threshold for Upper Boundary, but below the threshold for Inferior Boundary.

Ship Attained Carbon Intensity Methodology

A ship's Attained carbon intensity is calculated by taking the mass of its aggregate CO₂ emissions in a calendar year, and multiplying it by its transport work done in the calendar year.

$massOfCo2Emissions \times transportWork$

Method accepts: - massOfCo2Emissions, the mass of $CO_2$ emissions in the calendar year - See co2 emissions methodology to calculate - transportWork, the work carried out by the ship in the calendar year - See transport work methodology to calculate

Method Returns: - A double representing the ship's Attained Carbon Intensity

Implementation:

Returns the product of a ship's mass of $CO_2$ emissions and its $transportWork$.

Ship transport work methodology

A ship's transport work is calculated by taking its capacity and multiplying it by the distance sailed in nautical miles in the calendar year.

$capacity \times distanceSailed$

Method accepts: - capacity the ship's capacity for cargo or passengers - See ship capacity methodology to calculate - distanceSailed the distance sailed in Nautical Miles in the calendar year

Implementation:

Returns the product of a ship's capacity and its distance sailed

Ship CO₂ Emissions Methodology

The sum of a ship's $CO_2$ emissions over a given year are calculated by multiplying the mass of consumed fuel by the fuel's emissions factor. If the ship consumes multiple fuel types, the calculation is repeated for each fuel type & consumption mass, then those results are summed together.

Method Accepts: - fuelType, an enum derrived from Table 2's Fuel Type column - fuelConsumptionMass, a double representing the mass of fuel consumed in grams (g) over the given year

Method Returns:

• A double representing the $M$ mass of $CO_2$ emitted by the ship across one calendar year

Implementation:

The sum of $CO_2$ emissions $M$ from fuel consumption in a given calendar year is

$M = FCj \times C{f_j}$

Where: - $j$ is the fuel type - $FCj$ is the mass in grams of the consumed fuel type j in one calendar year - $C{fj}$ is the fuel oil mass to CO2 mass conversion factor, given in Table 2's $CF$ column

Ship Capacity Methodology

A ship's capacity is measured by either its Deadweight Tonnage (DWT) or Gross Tonnage (GT). The only exception is Bulk Carriers, which have a capacity capped at 279,000.

To calculate a ship's Capacity in accordance with the IMO's MEPC353(78) guidelines:

Method accepts: - shipType, an enum, derrived from Table 1's Ship Type column - deadweightTonnage, the deadweight tonnage of the ship, provided in long tons - grossTonnage, the gross tonnage of the ship, provided in long tons

Method returns: - a double representing the ship's capacity in imperial long tons

Implementation:

$Capacity$ of a given ship is calculated using the following rules:

• If the ship is a Bulk Carrier, and its DWT is 279,000 or above, its capacity is capped at 279,000
• If the ship is a Bulk Carrier, and its DWT is below 279,000, its capacity is equal to its DWT
• If the ship is a Ro-ro cargo ship (vehicle carrier), a Ro-ro passenger ship or a Cruise passenger ship, its capacity is equal to its Gross Tonnage
• Otherwise, the ships capacity is equal to its DWT

The full implementation detail can be found in Table 1's Ship Type, Ship weight, and Capacity columns.

Exceptions:

• ArgumentOutOfRangeException is thrown if the DWT is set to 0, when ship type is set to anything other than Ro-ro cargo ship (vehicle carrier), Ro-ro passenger ship or Cruise passenger ship
• ArgumentOutOfRangeException is thrown if the GT is set to 0, when ship type is set to Ro-ro cargo ship (vehicle carrier), Ro-ro passenger ship or Cruise passenger ship

Reference Tables

Table 1: MEPC.353(78) - Shipping Capacity Tables

The following table describes how to determine a given ship type's Capacity.

Table Source: IMO: MEPC.353(78)

Ship Type | Conditional Specification | Capacity | $a$ | $c$ ------------------------|-----------------------------|--------------|--------------|-------------- Bulk carrier | 279,000 DWT and above | 279,000 | 4,745 | 0.622 Bulk carrier | Less than 279,000 DWT | DWT | 4,745 | 0.622 Gas carrier | 65,000 and above | DWT | 14405E7 | 2.071 Gas carrier | Less than 65,000 DWT | DWT | 8,104 | 0.639 Tanker | | DWT | 5,247 | 0.610 Container Ship | | DWT | 1,984 | 0.489 General cargo ship | 20,000 DWT and above | DWT | 31,948 | 0.792 General cargo ship | Less than 20,000 DWT | DWT | 588 | 0.3885 Refrigerated cargo carrier| | DWT | 4,600 | 0.557 Combination carrier | | DWT | 5,119 | 0.622 LNG Carrier | 100,000 DWT and above | DWT | 9.827 | 0.000 LNG Carrier | 65,000 and above, less than 100,000 | DWT | 14479E10 | 2.673 LNG Carrier | less than 65,000 DWT | DWT | 14779E10 | 2.673 Ro-ro cargo ship (vehicle carrier) | 57,700 and above | 57,000 | 3,627 | 0.590 Ro-ro cargo ship (vehicle carrier) | 30,000 and above, less than 57,700 | 3627 | 5,739 | 0.590 Ro-ro cargo ship (vehicle carrier) | less than 30,000 | GT | 330 | 0.329 Ro-ro cargo ship | | GT | 1,967 | 0.485 Ro-ro passenger ship | Ro-ro passenger ship | GT | 2,023 | 0.460 Ro-ro passenger ship | High-speed craft designed to SOLAS chapter X | GT | 4,196 | 0.460 Cruise passenger ship | | GT | 930 | 0.383

Table 2: MEPC.364(79) Mass Conversion between fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions

The following table describes how to convert from the fuel used by a ship's main engine $ME{(i)}$ to the amount of $CO2$ produced. Fuel consumption is measured in grams (g), as is the output $CO_2$ emission

Table source: IMO: MEPC.364(79)

| ID | Fuel Type | Source/Reference | Carbon Content | $CF (\frac{t-CO2}{t-Fuel})$ | Lower calorific value (kJ/kg) | |----|----------------------|---------------------------|----------------|--------------------------------|--------------------------------| | 1 | Diesel / Gas Oil | ISO 8217 Grade DMX to DMB | 0.8744 | 3.206 | 42,700 | | 2 | Light Fuel Oil (LFO) | ISO 8217 Grade RMA to RMD | 0.8594 | 3.151 | 41,200 | | 3 | Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) | ISO 8217 Grade RME to RMK | 0.8493 | 3.114 | 40,200 | | 4a | Liquified Petroleum (Propane) | Propane | 0.8182 | 3.000 | 46,300 | | 4b | Liquified Petroleum (Butane) | Butane | 0.8264 | 3.030 | 45,700 | | 5 | Ethane | - | 0.7989 | 2.927 | 46,400 | | 6 | Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) | n/a | 0.7500 | 2.750 | 48,000 | | 7 | Methanol | n/a | 0.3750 | 1.375 | 19,900 | | 8 | Ethanol | n/a | 0.5217 | 1.913 | 26,800 |

Table 3: MEPC.339(76) - Ship Grading Boundaries

The following table describes the $dd$ vectors used to determine the rating boundaries for ship types. The columns $dd$ $exp(d_i)$ values represent the boundaries the IMO's rating system in the baseline year (2019).

Table source (2022): IMO: MEPC.354(78) Previous source (2021): IMO: MEPC.339(76)

| Id | Ship Type | Weight Classification | Capacity in CII Calculation | dd vector exp(d1) | dd vector exp(d2) | dd vector exp(d3) | dd vector exp(d4) | | ----------- | ----------- | ----------- | ----------- | ----------: | ----------: | ----------: | ----------: | | 1 | Bulk Carrier | | DWT | 0.86 | 0.94 | 1.06 | 1.18 | | 2.a | Gas Carrier | 65,000 DWT and above | DWT | 0.81 | 0.91 | 1.12 | 1.44 | | 2.b | Gas Carrier | Less than 65,000 DWT | DWT | 0.85 | 0.95 | 1.06 | 1.25 | | 3 | Tanker | | DWT | 0.82 | 0.93 | 1.08 | 1.28 | | 4 | Container Ship | | DWT | 0.83 | 0.94 | 1.07 | 1.19 | | 5 | General Cargo Ship | | DWT | 0.83 | 0.94 | 1.06 | 1.19 | | 6 | Refrigerated Cargo Carrier | | DWT | 0.78 | 0.91 | 1.07 | 1.20 | | 7 | Combination Carrier | | DWT | 0.87 | 0.96 | 1.06 | 1.14 | | 8.a | LNG Carrier | 100,000 DWT and above | DWT | 0.89 | 0.98 | 1.06 | 1.13 | | 8.b | LNG Carrier | Less than 100,000 DWT | DWT | 0.78 | 0.92 | 1.10 | 1.37 | | 9 | Ro-ro Cargo Ship (Vehicle Carrier) | | GT | 0.86 | 0.94 | 1.06 | 1.16 | | 10 | Ro-ro Cargo Ship | | GT | 0.76 | 0.89 | 1.08 | 1.27 | | 11 | Ro-ro Passenger Ship | | GT | 0.76 | 0.92 | 1.14 | 1.30 | | 12 | Cruise Passenger Ship | | GT | 0.87 | 0.95 | 1.06 | 1.16 |

Table 4: Annual Carbon Reduction Factors (Z%)

The following table describes the reduction factor to be applied to a ship's $requiredCII$ on an annual basis. IMO have to date released figures up to 2026. In the table, the values from 2027 onwards are unofficial estimates based on the pattern to 2026. IMO aims to release new reduction factors

Table Source: IMO: MEPC.338(76)

| Year | Reduction factor
Relative to 2019 | Estimated Reduction Factor | | ---- | -----: | ---: | | 2019 | 0% | -- % | | 2020 | 1% | -- % | | 2021 | 2% | -- % | | 2022 | 3% | -- % | | 2023 | 5% | -- % | | 2024 | 7% | -- % | | 2025 | 9% | -- % | | 2026 | 11% | -- % | | 2027 | -- % | 13% | | 2028 | -- % | 15% | | 2029 | -- % | 17% | | 2030 | -- % | 19% |

Table 5: Common shipping measurement conversions

Often in shipping, non-metric measurements are used. Conversions are detailed below

| Measure | Metric Measure | Notes | | ------------- | ------------- | ------------- | | Deadweight Tonne (DWT) | $1016.0469088kg$ | DWT is a ship's total weight excluding boiler water, measured in Imperial long tons | | Gross Tonne (GT) | $1016.0469088kg$ | GT is a ship's area, measured in Imperial long tons | | Nautical Mile (NM) | $1.852km$, $1,852m$ | NM is equal to 1 minute of latitude at the equator. $1NM = 1.5078 miles = 1.852km$ |

Shipping Terminology & Glossary

| Term | Description | Notes | | ------------- | ------------- | ------------- | | Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (CO2eq, CO2, CO2e, $CO_2$) | A ship's carbon dioxide emissions | Expressed in this implementation in grams (metric) | | Carbon Intensity Index (CII) | The relative measure of a ship's carbon dioxide emissions, taking distance travelled and fuel type used into account | | | Deadweight Tonnage (DWT) | The measure of a the total contents of a ship, including cargo, fuel, crew, passengers, and water (Excludes water in a ship's boiler) | Expressed in long tons (British Imperial) | | Final Draft International Standard (FDIS) | A draft status for an ISO Standard, indicating the standard is in its final stage of approval | | | Gross Tonnage (GT) | A ship's internal volume | Expressed in long tons (British Imperial) | | International Maritime Organisation (IMO) | A UN Agency responsible for regulating maritime transport rules & regulations | | | International Organization for Standardization (ISO) | Independent, non-governmental, international standard development organization | | | Liquefied natural gas (LNG) | Gas, compressed into liquid form for easier transport | | | Nautical Miles (NM, nmile) | Distance travelled over water, different to land measured miles (statute miles) | Expressed in minutes of latitude at the equator | | Resolution MEPC.353(78) | Internationally standardised reference guide to shipping carbon intensity | | | Roll-on-roll-off (Ro-ro, Roro, Ro ro) | A ship designed to take cargo which can be wheeled (or rolled) in and out of a cargo hold | |

References & datasets

• IMO: MEPC.337(76) - Carbon Intensity Index (CII) spec: https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/KnowledgeCentre/IndexofIMOResolutions/MEPCDocuments/MEPC.337(76).pdf
• IMO: MEPC.364(79) - Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) spec: https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/KnowledgeCentre/IndexofIMOResolutions/MEPCDocuments/MEPC.364(79).pdf
• IMO: MEPC.339(76) - 2021 Guidelines on the operational carbon intensity rating of ships (CII Rating Guidelines, G4): https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/OurWork/Environment/Documents/Air%20pollution/MEPC.339(76).pdf
• IMO: MEPC.339(76) - 2022 Guidelines on the operational carbon intensity rating of ships (CII Rating Guidelines, G4): https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/KnowledgeCentre/IndexofIMOResolutions/MEPCDocuments/MEPC.354(78).pdf
• ISO 8217:2017 (Current standard) - Petroleum products, Fuels (class F), Specifications of marine fuels: https://www.iso.org/standard/64247.html
• ISO/FDIS 8217 (Standard under development) - Products from petroleum, synthetic and renewable sources, Fuels (class F), Specifications of marine fuel: https://www.iso.org/standard/80579.html

Further Reading

• IMO's press briefing, including links to the comprehensive guidelines: https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/CII-and-EEXI-entry-into-force.aspx
• Society of Naval Architecture Students summary of CII Calculations: https://github.com/snascusat/CII-Calculator
• DNV's summary of EEXI and CII requirements: https://www.dnv.com/news/eexi-and-cii-requirements-taking-effect-from-1-january-2023-237817/

Useful datasets (mixed public and private)

• UNStats (public, non-commercial dataset): https://unstats.un.org/bigdata/task-teams/ttt-dashboards/
• Dataliastic (private commercial dataset): https://datalastic.com/pricing/
• Marine Traffic (private commercial dataset): https://servicedocs.marinetraffic.com/
• Windward.AI (private commercial datasets): https://windward.ai/