A Quantum Framework for Cryptographic Attacks on Fingerprint Based Authentication

Litaerture Overview

• Two-Factor-Based RSA Key Generation from Fingerprint Biometrics and Password RSA key pair is derived using fingerprint minutiae + password. Eliminates need to store private key by regenerating it dynamically. Public key is shared, private key is computed when needed. Citation: Asad, M., Alam, M. S., & Razaque, A. (2022). Two-factor-based RSA key generation from fingerprint biometrics and password for secure communication. SN Computer Science, 3, 388.
• RSA Cryptography-Based Multi-Modal Biometric Identification System RSA is used to encrypt combined biometric templates (e.g., fingerprint + face). Focuses on feature-level fusion and RSA-based encryption of the biometric vector. Shows better template security but depends on classical RSA security. Source: Iyer, A., & Jayapriya, S. (2019). RSA Cryptography based Multi-Modal Biometric Identification System for Enhanced Security. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 9(2), 960–967.
• Cryptography Based on Fingerprint Biometrics Proposes using fingerprint features directly as entropy for encrypting messages. Reinforces real-world use of RSA and public-key cryptography in biometric data protection. Source: Harish, G., & Vijayalakshmi, D. (2024). Cryptography based on Fingerprint Bio Metrics. Published on ResearchGate.

Why it matters?

• Operating crypto systems might remain secure today, but quantum advances mean encrypted biometric data must be resilient for decades.
• This research provides a tangible baseline, showcasing how soon-to-be-available quantum algorithms could threaten current biometric encryption practices.

Workflow

• Simulate a complete fingerprint-based RSA encryption pipeline.
  • Study of the RSA encryption mechanism, its known vulnerabilities, and its real-world implications in biometric security systems.
• Encrypt biometric templates using RSA (public key).
• Apply Quantum Factoring algorithms on the public key to retrieve the private key.
  • Apply concepts like quantum information theory, modulo exponentiation, Inverse Quantum Fourier transform
• Use recovered private key to decrypt the fingerprint template.

Formalized Problem Statement

Can RSA-based biometric encryption systems, even those using dynamic key generation from fingerprint templates, be compromised using quantum period-finding algorithms such as Shor’s, and how can such systems be made post-quantum secure?

Future Extensions

• Expand the study on vulnerabilities of multi-modal biometric systems (face + fingerprint + retinal)
• Replace RSA with post quantum cryptography methods like Crytals Kyber and test the vulnerability (lattice-based encryption)
• Scale shor’s factoring algorithm with practical and in real encryption keys

Resource Metrics

Contact

A T Abbilaash - 23n201@psgtech.ac.in