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Introduction

This is a short course for the PyFlowline model.

PyFlowline: a mesh independent river network generator for hydrologic models.

For full details of the model, please refer to our papers and the PyFlowline documentation.

Note that PyFlowline works hand in hand with Hexwatershed. Users interested in the full end-to-end watershed processing workflow enabled by Hexwatershed may wish to visit the hexwatershed_tutorial.

Getting Started

If you're just getting started, here's what we recommend:

• Right click on the launch|binder link at the top of this page.
• Open the link in a new window or tab.
• Grab a coffee while the Binder environment starts up.
• Run the interactive notebook from within the Binder environment.
  • notebooks/yukon/dggrid_example.ipynb.
• If the Binder environment fails to load, please open the notebook in your local Jupyter notebook environment.
  • To run the notebook locally, refer to the requirements.
  • Otherwise, read the notebook at your liesure to learn about PyFlowline.

Please note: This repository is specifically designed to host the interactive Binder notebook linked at the top of this page. Binder provides a self-contained environment with all software dependencies installed. Once loaded, use the Binder environment to run the dggrid_example.ipynb Jupyter notebook. This interactive tutorial demonstrates how to use the Pyflowline software to generate flow networks on a dggrid (Discrete Global Grid) system mesh for hydrologic modeling, with no coding or software installation required.

To run the example notebooks locally, familiarity with the Python coding ecosystem is required. Please read the instructions below.

Requirements

You need an internet connection to install the Pyflowline package and its dependencies using Python Pip or Conda. We recommended Conda.

You can use Visual Studio Code to run the Python examples.

You can use QGIS to visualize some of the model results.

Step-by-step instruction

• Download this tutorial.

bash git clone https://github.com/changliao1025/pyflowline_tutorial.git cd pyflowline_tutorial

• Create a conda environment named pyflowline_tutorial, and install the pyflowline package.

```bash # Recommended: use the provided environment.yml file: conda env create -f environment.yml conda activate pyflowline_tutorial

# By hand: conda create --name pyflowlinetutorial -c conda-forge python pyflowline conda activate pyflowlinetutorial conda install -c conda-forge jupyterlab cmake make numpy gdal netCDF4 mscorefonts matplotlib cartopy geopandas libgdal-arrow-parquet python-dotenv pyearth ```

• Optional: copy the .env.example file to .env and update it with paths specific to your local environment.

bash cp .env.example .env

• Run the examples within the example folder.

  • Edit the template configuration json files to match with your data set paths.
  • Trial and error may be required.

• View and visualize model output files.

  • View normal json files using any text editor such as VS Code.
  • Visualize geojson files using QGIS.

Building dggrid

To run the tutorial locally you need to install dggrid. To install dggrid, follow the instructions here.

When building dggrid, it will be linked to gdal. If dggrid is installed while the pyflowline_tutorial conda environment is activated, then (unless configured otherwise) cmake will find and link dggrid against the gdal version installed into this environment by conda. If the pyflowline_tutorial environment is later removed, or for any reason gdal is uninstalled from this environment, dggrid will break. So we recommend to deactivate the pyflowline_tutorial environment and link dggrid against a stable gdal installation on your local machine. This could be a gdal installed with brew, or pipx, or in a general purpose environment managed by pyenv-virtualenv or conda. Depending on your choice, this will also ensure dggrid is available for use outside of this tutorial. To run the examples, reactivate your pyflowline_tutorial environment.

Advanced use

Users who plan to use the software in their own work may wish to create a conda environment named pyflowline (rather than pyflowline_tutorial). Better yet, since pyflowline users will almost certainly also use hexwatershed, users may wish to create a single conda environment named hexwatershed using the environment.yml file over at the hexwatershed_tutorial, which contains all of the dependencies required by pyflowline plus the hexwatershed ones. This hexwatershed environment can then be used for both pyflowline and hexwatershed related workflows.

FAQ

1. Why did import GDAL fail?

• Consider using the conda-forge channel to install GDAL.
• Ensure the GDAL bindings installed with conda are properly linked against the gdal library installed on your local machine. See the instructions here.

1. proj related issue https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal/issues/1546

Make sure you correctly set up the PROJ_LIB

Because the GDAL library is used by this project and the proj library is often not configured correctly automatically. On Linux or Mac, you can set it up using the .bash_profile such as:

Anaconda:

export PROJ_LIB=/people/user/.conda/envs/pyflowline/share/proj

Miniconda:

export PROJ_LIB=/opt/miniconda3/envs/pyflowline/share/proj

1. What if my model doesn't produce the correct or expected answer?

Answer: There are several hidden assumptions within the workflow. For example, if you provide the DEM and river network for two different regions, the program won't be able to tell you that. A visual inspection of your data is important.

Optionally, you can turn on the iFlag_debug option in the configuration file to output the intermediate files.

References

• Liao, Chang, Zhou, T., Xu, D., Cooper, M. G., Engwirda, D., Li, H.-Y., Leung, L. R. (2023). Topological relationship-based flow direction modeling: Mesh-independent river networks representation. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 15, e2022MS003089. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022MS003089

• Liao and Cooper, (2023). pyflowline: a mesh-independent river network generator for hydrologic models. Journal of Open Source Software, 8(91), 5446, https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.05446

• Liao. C. (2022). Pyflowline: a mesh independent river network generator for hydrologic models. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6407299