cython

The most widely used Python to C compiler

https://github.com/cython/cython

Science Score: 36.0%

This score indicates how likely this project is to be science-related based on various indicators:

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CITATION.cff file
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codemeta.json file
Found codemeta.json file
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.zenodo.json file
Found .zenodo.json file
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DOI references
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Academic publication links
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Committers with academic emails
33 of 552 committers (6.0%) from academic institutions
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JOSS paper metadata
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Scientific vocabulary similarity
Low similarity (15.6%) to scientific vocabulary

Keywords

big-data c cpp cpython cpython-extensions cython performance python

Keywords from Contributors

closember alignment flexible qt gtk tk wx repl notebook spec-0

Last synced: 6 months ago · JSON representation

Repository

The most widely used Python to C compiler

Basic Info

Host: GitHub
Owner: cython
License: apache-2.0
Language: Python
Default Branch: master
Homepage: https://cython.org
Size: 73.4 MB

Statistics

Stars: 10,243
Watchers: 236
Forks: 1,553
Open Issues: 1,467
Releases: 43

Topics

big-data c cpp cpython cpython-extensions cython performance python

Created over 15 years ago · Last pushed 6 months ago

Metadata Files

Readme Changelog Contributing Funding License Code of conduct

README.rst

Welcome to Cython!
==================

Cython is an optimising Python compiler that makes writing C extensions for
Python as easy as Python itself.

Cython translates Python code to C/C++ code, but additionally supports calling
C functions and declaring C types on variables and class attributes.
This allows broad to fine-grained manual tuning that lets the compiler
generate very efficient C code from Cython code.

This makes Cython the ideal language for wrapping external C libraries, and
for fast C modules that speed up the execution of Python code.

* Official website: https://cython.org/
* Documentation: https://docs.cython.org/
* Github repository: https://github.com/cython/cython
* Wiki: https://github.com/cython/cython/wiki

Cython has `more than 70 million downloads `_
per month on PyPI.  You can **support the Cython project** via
`Github Sponsors `_ or
`Tidelift `_.


Installation:
-------------

If you already have a C compiler, just run following command::

   pip install Cython

otherwise, see `the installation page `_.


License:
--------

The original Pyrex program, which Cython is based on, was licensed "free of restrictions" (see below).
Cython itself is licensed under the permissive **Apache License**.

See `LICENSE.txt `_.


Contributing:
-------------

Want to contribute to the Cython project?
Here is some `help to get you started `_.


Differences to other Python compilers
-------------------------------------

Started as a project in the early 2000s, Cython has outlived
`most other attempts `_
at producing static compilers for the Python language.

Similar projects that have a relevance today include:

* `PyPy `_, a Python implementation with a JIT compiler.

  * Pros: JIT compilation with runtime optimisations, fully language compliant,
    good integration with external C/C++ code
  * Cons: non-CPython runtime, relatively large resource usage of the runtime,
    limited compatibility with CPython extensions, non-obvious performance results

* `Numba `_, a Python extension that features a
  JIT compiler for a subset of the language, based on the LLVM compiler
  infrastructure (probably best known for its ``clang`` C compiler).
  It mostly targets numerical code that uses NumPy.

  * Pros: JIT compilation with runtime optimisations
  * Cons: limited language support, relatively large runtime dependency (LLVM),
    non-obvious performance results

* `Pythran `_, a static Python-to-C++
  extension compiler for a subset of the language, mostly targeted
  at numerical computation.  Pythran can be (and is probably best) used
  as an additional
  `backend for NumPy code `_
  in Cython.

* `mypyc `_, a static Python-to-C extension
  compiler, based on the `mypy `_ static Python
  analyser.  Like Cython's
  `pure Python mode `_,
  mypyc can make use of PEP-484 type annotations to optimise code for static types.

  * Pros: good support for language and PEP-484 typing, good type inference,
    reasonable performance gains
  * Cons: no support for low-level optimisations and typing,
    opinionated Python type interpretation, reduced Python compatibility
    and introspection after compilation

* `Nuitka `_, a static Python-to-C extension compiler.

  * Pros: highly language compliant, reasonable performance gains,
    support for static application linking (similar to
    `cython_freeze `_
    but with the ability to bundle library dependencies into a self-contained
    executable)
  * Cons: no support for low-level optimisations and typing

In comparison to the above, Cython provides

* fast, efficient and highly compliant support for almost all
  Python language features, including dynamic features and introspection
* full runtime compatibility with all still-in-use and future versions
  of CPython
* "generate once, compile everywhere" C code generation that allows for
  reproducible performance results and testing
* C compile time adaptation to the target platform and Python version
* support for other C-API implementations, including PyPy and Pyston
* seamless integration with C/C++ code
* broad support for manual optimisation and tuning down to the C level
* a large user base with thousands of libraries, packages and tools
* more than two decades of bug fixing and static code optimisations


The following is from Pyrex:
------------------------------------------------------
Cython was originally based on `Pyrex `_
by Greg Ewing, with the following written in the Pyrex readme document:

This is a development version of Pyrex, a language
for writing Python extension modules.

For more info, take a look at:

* Doc/About.html for a description of the language
* INSTALL.txt    for installation instructions
* USAGE.txt      for usage instructions
* Demos          for usage examples

Comments, suggestions, bug reports, etc. are most
welcome!

Copyright stuff: Pyrex is free of restrictions. You
may use, redistribute, modify and distribute modified
versions.

The latest version of Pyrex can be found `here `_.

| Greg Ewing, Computer Science Dept
| University of Canterbury
| Christchurch, New Zealand

 A citizen of NewZealandCorp, a wholly-owned subsidiary of USA Inc.

Owner

Name: cython
Login: cython
Kind: organization

Website: http://cython.org
Repositories: 9
Profile: https://github.com/cython

Committers

Last synced: 8 months ago

All Time

Total Commits: 16,945
Total Committers: 552
Avg Commits per committer: 30.697
Development Distribution Score (DDS): 0.427

Past Year

Commits: 724
Committers: 49
Avg Commits per committer: 14.776
Development Distribution Score (DDS): 0.449

Top Committers

Name	Email	Commits
Stefan Behnel	s**l@b**e	9,708
Robert Bradshaw	r**b@g**m	2,212
da-woods	d**t@d**k	814
Mark Florisson	m**8@g**m	488
Dag Sverre Seljebotn	d**s@s**o	449
Lisandro Dalcin	d**l@g**m	340
Vitja Makarov	v**v@g**m	294
gabrieldemarmiesse	g**e@t**m	209
Jeroen Demeyer	j**r@c**e	120
Matus Valo	m****o	120
Matti Picus	m**s@g**m	109
ggellner@encolpuis	n**e@n**e	84
Lars Buitinck	l**s@g**m	60
Kurt Smith	k**1@w**u	50
Ian Henriksen	i**e@g**m	46
Craig Citro	c**o@g**m	39
William Stein	w**n@g**m	37
Max Bachmann	k**t@m**e	37
0dminnimda	0**a@g**m	30
gabrieldemarmiesse	g**e@g**m	29
Nikita Nemkin	n**a@n**u	29
Mark Lodato	l**m@g**m	27
Haoyu Bai	b**u@g**m	27
Christoph Gohlke	c**e@u**u	27
Zackery Spytz	z**z@g**m	25
Charles Blake	c**e@c**u	19
John Kirkham	k**j@j**g	19
Yury V. Zaytsev	y**y@s**m	17
serge-sans-paille	s**n@t**u	16
Matthias BUSSONNIER	b**s@g**m	16
and 522 more...

Committer Domains (Top 20 + Academic)

google.com: 7 intel.com: 4 redhat.com: 3 python.org: 3 gmx.de: 3 esrf.fr: 3 kit.edu: 2 alibaba-inc.com: 2 fb.com: 2 bloomberg.net: 2 uci.edu: 2 csail.mit.edu: 2 me.com: 2 yahoo.de: 1 canterbury.ac.nz: 1 canonware.com: 1 jjerphan.xyz: 1 moreati.org.uk: 1 hawaii.rr.com: 1 qq.com: 1 utdallas.edu: 1 jhu.edu: 1 tu-dresden.de: 1 cmat.edu.uy: 1 bnl.gov: 1 qut.edu.au: 1 epfl.ch: 1 fu-berlin.de: 1 student.tudelft.nl: 1 cornell.edu: 1 eos.ubc.ca: 1 wisc.edu: 1 student.matnat.uio.no: 1 pdos.csail.mit.edu: 1 ncsu.edu: 1 kw2061.kaust.edu.sa: 1 ar.media.kyoto-u.ac.jp: 1 umn.edu: 1 ruhr-uni-bochum.de: 1 berkeley.edu: 1 ucsd.edu: 1 inserm.fr: 1 drexel.edu: 1 cern.ch: 1 duke.edu: 1 em.cs.uni-frankfurt.de: 1 biac.duke.edu: 1

Issues and Pull Requests

Last synced: 6 months ago

All Time

Total issues: 924
Total pull requests: 1,459
Average time to close issues: 8 months
Average time to close pull requests: 3 months
Total issue authors: 435
Total pull request authors: 143
Average comments per issue: 3.1
Average comments per pull request: 2.46
Merged pull requests: 1,037
Bot issues: 0
Bot pull requests: 5

Past Year

Issues: 311
Pull requests: 676
Average time to close issues: 8 days
Average time to close pull requests: 8 days
Issue authors: 159
Pull request authors: 52
Average comments per issue: 1.18
Average comments per pull request: 1.58
Merged pull requests: 453
Bot issues: 0
Bot pull requests: 5

View more stats

Top Authors

Issue Authors

da-woods (96)
scoder (73)
matusvalo (32)
user202729 (30)
vyasr (21)
bbb23exposed (16)
jakirkham (12)
Source61 (12)
YoSTEALTH (11)
axeldavy (11)
robertwb (8)
pitrou (8)
oscarbenjamin (8)
hroncok (6)
mattip (6)

Pull Request Authors

da-woods (749)
scoder (174)
matusvalo (114)
dalcinl (32)
mattip (29)
bbb23exposed (17)
lysnikolaou (16)
ngoldbaum (12)
EwoutH (11)
alexandrasp (10)
user202729 (9)
vyasr (9)
kentslaney (8)
zyv (8)
jpe (7)

Top Labels

Issue Labels

defect (161) Code Generation (98) Type Analysis (37) support question (30) feature (28) enhancement (27) Documentation (25) Python Semantics (23) R: duplicate (20) limited api (19) Build System (19) Cython Language Feature (17) cleanup (15) Pure Python Mode (15) Testing (15) Optimization (13) help wanted (13) Error Reporting (12) R: third party (12) C++ (11) good first issue (9) R: worksforme (9) nogil CPython (7) P: blocker (7) performance (7) R: wontfix (6) numpy (5) Library (5) freethreading CPython (5) Parsing (4)

Pull Request Labels

Code Generation (342) defect (318) cleanup (173) limited api (136) Testing (130) enhancement (116) Documentation (99) freethreading CPython (73) C++ (72) Type Analysis (63) Library (49) Error Reporting (40) Build System (38) Pure Python Mode (30) Cython Language Feature (29) feature (28) Optimization (27) nogil CPython (27) Python Semantics (26) performance (26) PyPy (18) Tools (17) numpy (9) github_actions (5) dependencies (5) Coverage (4) Debugger (4) Parsing (3) sharedlib (3) Pythran (2)

Packages

Total packages: 4
Total downloads:
- pypi 70,440,562 last-month
Total docker downloads: 1,267,277,045

Total dependent packages: 1,345
(may contain duplicates)
Total dependent repositories: 21,510
(may contain duplicates)
Total versions: 275
Total maintainers: 4

pypi.org: cython

The Cython compiler for writing C extensions in the Python language.

Homepage: https://cython.org/
Documentation: https://cython.readthedocs.io/
License: Apache-2.0
Latest release: 3.1.3
published 6 months ago

Versions: 149
Dependent Packages: 1,019
Dependent Repositories: 18,920
Downloads: 70,440,562 Last month
Docker Downloads: 1,267,277,045

Rankings

Dependent packages count: 0.0%

Downloads: 0.0%

Dependent repos count: 0.1%

Docker downloads count: 0.1%

Average: 0.4%

Stargazers count: 0.6%

Forks count: 1.5%

Maintainers (3)

scoder matthew.brett robertwb

Last synced: 6 months ago

spack.io: py-cython

The Cython compiler for writing C extensions for the Python language.

Homepage: https://github.com/cython/cython
License: []
Latest release: 3.0.11
published over 1 year ago

Versions: 35
Dependent Packages: 179
Dependent Repositories: 0

Rankings

Dependent repos count: 0.0%

Dependent packages count: 0.4%

Average: 1.0%

Stargazers count: 1.3%

Forks count: 2.4%

Maintainers (1)

adamjstewart

Last synced: about 1 year ago

conda-forge.org: cython

Cython is an optimising static compiler for both the Python programming language and the extended Cython programming language. It makes writing C extensions for Python as easy as Python itself.

Homepage: http://www.cython.org/
License: Apache-2.0
Latest release: 0.29.32
published over 3 years ago

Versions: 49
Dependent Packages: 136
Dependent Repositories: 1,295

Rankings

Dependent packages count: 0.5%

Dependent repos count: 0.5%

Average: 2.2%

Stargazers count: 3.6%

Forks count: 4.1%

Last synced: 6 months ago

anaconda.org: cython

Cython is an optimising static compiler for both the Python programming language and the extended Cython programming language. It makes writing C extensions for Python as easy as Python itself.

Homepage: https://cython.org
License: Apache-2.0
Latest release: 3.1.3
published 6 months ago

Versions: 42
Dependent Packages: 11
Dependent Repositories: 1,295

Rankings

Dependent repos count: 3.3%

Dependent packages count: 3.8%

Average: 6.5%

Stargazers count: 9.2%

Forks count: 9.5%

Last synced: 6 months ago

Dependencies

.github/workflows/ci.yml actions

actions/checkout v3 composite
actions/checkout v2 composite
actions/setup-python v3 composite
actions/setup-python v2 composite
actions/upload-artifact v3 composite
actions/upload-artifact v2 composite
hendrikmuhs/ccache-action v1.2 composite

.github/workflows/wheels.yml actions

actions/checkout v3 composite
actions/setup-python v3 composite
actions/upload-artifact v3 composite
docker/setup-qemu-action v1 composite
pypa/cibuildwheel v2.11.4 composite
softprops/action-gh-release v1 composite

doc-requirements.txt pypi

Jinja2 ==3.0.3
jupyter *
sphinx ==3.5.3
sphinx-issues ==1.2.0
sphinx-tabs ==3.0.0

test-requirements-312.txt pypi

coverage * test
numpy * test
pycodestyle * test
setuptools * test

test-requirements-cpython.txt pypi

jupyter * test
line_profiler <4 test
pytest * test
setuptools <60 test

test-requirements.txt pypi

coverage * test
numpy * test
pycodestyle * test
setuptools <60 test

Demos/benchmarks/setup.py pypi

Demos/libraries/setup.py pypi

Demos/setup.py pypi

docs/examples/quickstart/build/setup.py pypi

docs/examples/tutorial/external/setup.py pypi

docs/examples/tutorial/parallelization/setup.py pypi

docs/examples/userguide/wrapping_CPlusPlus/setup.py pypi

setup.py pypi